Belt, Road nations offered organ donation guidance www.chinadaily.com.cn

China, which has made great strides in the field, vows to assist others

China will cooperate with nations involved with the Belt and Road Initiative to help them establish organ donation systems, a former vice-minister of health said on Tuesday.

"We hope our successful experience can provide a reference to countries with similar cultural backgrounds and social development levels," Huang Jiefu, chairman of the China National Organ Donation and Transplantation Committee, told China Daily.

"It has been a puzzle to promote organ donation after death for many Asian and African countries, but China has made great changes in this area in a short period of time," he said.

Many Belt and Road countries, including Pakistan and Mongolia, have proposed cooperation with China in establishing their systems, Huang said. Details are under discussion, he said.

Organ donation made new breakthroughs in China last year, with postmortem donations from more than 5,100 people and nearly 2,400 people donating organs while alive to relatives, Huang said.

"This means the rate of organ donors in China reached 5.38 per 1 million population, which makes China an advanced country in organ donations in Asia," Huang said.

The number of people whose organs were donated after death in China in 2016 was 4,080, according to National Health and Family Planning Commission.

Organ donations have seen a rapid increase since the start of 2015, when China banned organ transplants from executed prisoners, health officials said. The number of postmortem donors last year was three times the number in 2014, according to data from China Organ Transplantation Development Foundation.

With nearly 16,000 transplant surgeries last year, China has become No 2 among countries, after the United States, in the number of organ donors and organs donated, said Guo Yanhong, deputy chief for medical administration and supervision at the National Health and Family Planning Commission.

China has established a national organ donation and transplant system that follows guiding principles of the World Health Organization and ethical rules, and suits China's cultural traditions and economic social development, Huang said.

Along with wide support, the establishment of a fair and transparent organ distribution system also played a crucial role in encouraging donations, he said.

Wang Lu, an organ donation coordinator at Beijing You'an Hospital, who tries to persuade families of patients who have no chance of recovery to make the decision to donate, said her work has become easier as more people have accepted the idea.

"I am frequently moved by the families of the patients, seeing they are willing to donate ... (organs) of their family member," she said.

Normally a donor can help between three to six people survive with the organs donated, she said.

More than 373,000 people in China had registered to become donors by Dec 24, according to the China Organ Donation Administrative Center.

Despite the increasing number in organ donations in recent years, China, like many other countries, still has a shortage of organs for transplant. About 300,000 people in China with terminal diseases need organ transplants every year, Huang has said.

Mongolia to launch the second satellite www.news.mn

Named 'Mazaalai' after Mongolia’s endangered Gobi bear, Mongolia’s first satellite was launched into space in 2017. Using the “SpaceX Falcon 9” two-stage rocket, 'Mazaalai' was put into orbit from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida through a project supported by UNESCO and Japan. 'Mazaalai' is a new-generation micro or nano satellite: at a cost of around USD 100,000, the price is also surprisingly low. The project is aimed at establishing specialist resources and learning how to launch and operate satellites.

Severe weather kills 5900 livestock in Uvs province www.news.mn

Mongolian National State Emergency Committee (NSEC) led by Deputy Prime Minister U.Enkhtuvshin convened an urgent meeting on the current winter situation in Uvs province on 30 January.

Balance of payments totals 811.9 million USD in 2017 www.gogo.mn

Mongolia's balance of payments (BoP) totaled 811.9 million USD in 2017, after experiencing a deficit for the past four years.

Mongolia slaps $155M tax bill on Turquoise Hill's mine; NGO claims company owes more www.business.financialpost.com

Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd. and parent Rio Tinto Group’s ambition to build one of the world’s largest copper and gold mines, called Oyu Tolgoi, in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert, has hit a number of stumbling blocks in recent weeks.

Last week, Jean-Sebastien Jacques, the chief executive of Rio Tinto, flew to Mongolia’s capital city to meet with prime minister Ukhnaagiin Khurelsuk about how to build “win-win” partnerships.

One looming dispute is the Mongolian government’s claim that Oyu Tolgoi owes an additional US$155 million in taxes — the mine’s second tax dispute since 2014.

In another setback, earlier this month, Turquoise Hill also declared a ‘force majeure’ after a convoy of trucks hauling concentrate from Oyu Tolgoi to China, where it is smelted, was disrupted by protests at the two countries’ border.

Jacques did not announce solutions to either problems, but his visit may not have been fruitless. He announced a working group with the Mongolian government to address issues such as the high funding costs of Oyu Tolgoi, power solutions and how to enable more money to flow to the town next to the mine. The company also announced opening a new office in the country.

By Tuesday, the border protests, which were unrelated to Oyu Tolgoi, had reportedly cooled off.

But if the past is any indication, Mongolia is unlikely to collect $155 million in taxes.

“Oyu Tolgoi LLC has paid all taxes and charges required,” Turquoise Hill Resources stated in a press release.

A company spokesman said it has 30 days to appeal the Mongolian tax audit assessment.

In 2014, appealing proved a successful route for the company. That June, Turquoise Hill announced a Mongolian tax audit had found US$127 million in “unpaid taxes, penalties and disallowed entitlements” for three years, 2010 to 2013, associated with the initial development of the Oyu Tolgoi mine.

By September, an appeal to the Tax Dispute Resolution Council of the Mongolian General Taxation Department slashed the amount owed by more than 75 per cent to US$30 million.

Now, the tax feud centers on withholding taxes: Oyu Tolgoi LLC did not pay taxes from 2013 to 2015 on the management fee taken by Rio Tinto and Turquoise Hill, and the Mongolian government believes it is obligated to do so, among other issues, according to an analyst report released earlier this month by Canaccord Genuity’s Dalton Bareto.

“We believe this situation will likely play out in a similar manner (to 2014),” Bareto wrote, noting he spoke to management.

By one calculation, however, Turquoise Hill owes much more in taxes and not just to the Mongolian government. The Netherlands-based Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations, also known as SOMO, will issue a report on Wednesday finding that Turquoise Hill lobbied the Mongolian government for concessions that have saved the company hundreds of millions of dollars in taxes and other payments, according to a source.

In addition, the report will also say that the company structured its financing in a way that allowed it to avoid paying hundreds of millions of dollars in taxes in Canada, where the company is based and is traded, the source said.

In a statement Tuesday, the company challenged the report as “inaccurate or unsubstantiated”, but declined to comment on details.

“Turquoise Hill and Oyu Tolgoi are committed to tax transparency. Turquoise Hill believes that our tax practices are not only compliant with local laws, international standards and voluntary commitments … Oyu Tolgoi’s operation is making substantial contributions to Mongolia’s economy and long-term development,” the company said in a statement.

In 2016, the Oyu Tolgoi mine paid approximately US$189 million in taxes, according to the website for Oyu Tolgoi LLC. Meanwhile, Turquoise Hill reported $1.2 billion in revenue and $210 million in net income, according to the company’s 2016 annual report.

The vast mining operation in the middle of the Gobi Desert, about 80 kilometres north of the Chinese border, is currently operating as an open pit.

Turquoise Hill is engaged in a years-long process of developing an underground portion that will bring development costs to $12 billion. The financing has come from a number of sources including a massive $4.4 billion deal inked in 2016 that includes Export Development Canada, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Export Finance and Insurance Corporation of Australia.

That underground portion contains 80 per cent of the mine’s value, and is not expected to begin production for several years and will not reach peak copper production until 2025, according to disclosures to investors by Turquoise Hill.

Toyota falls to No.3 www.nhk.or.jp

Executives at Toyota Motor have released the company's annual global unit sales for 2017. It shows that Toyota and its group have fallen to 3rd place, trailing behind Volkswagen at number 1, and the Renault group at number 2.

Some Russian businessmen made the US blacklist just for being successful www.rt.com

The US Treasury published the ‘Kremlin list’ on Tuesday. It includes officials and tycoons with political and business ties to the Russian government. But some were blacklisted just for being billionaires.

Arkady Volozh
Worth $1.1 billion, Volozh is the founder and CEO of the Russia’s largest IT company, Yandex. The company is Google’s main rival on the Russian market, offering various services like a search engine, smartphone apps, its own in-house maps and navigation systems, music streaming service, and taxi service. Yandex is a private and publicly-traded company, and has no state participation.
Russian President Vladimir Putin made a public visit to the Yandex Moscow office in September for the company’s 20th anniversary. Does that count as ‘Kremlin meddling’ in company affairs? That seems to have been the logic in Washington.

Sergey Galitsky
Sergey Galitsky is the founder and CEO of Magnit – Russia’s biggest supermarket chain and cosmetics retailer with more than 14,000 stores. His net worth is $4.4 billion, according to Forbes estimates.
Magnit is also a publicly-traded company without Russian state participation, with an IPO in 2006. Galitsky is a huge soccer fan, and owns the soccer team FC Krasnodar and a soccer academy. He has invested about $460 million in Krasnodar’s new stadium.
The new stadium was visited by Putin, where Galitsky shook hands with the president. That must have been enough to make the US Treasury’s blacklist.

Oleg Tinkov
Oleg Tinkov is the founder and owner of Tinkoff Bank, which has issued 6.4 million credit cards and has an almost 10-percent market share in Russia. Working online mostly, Tinkoff claims to be the largest internet bank in the world. Oleg Tinkov is worth $2.4 billion, according to Forbes.
Tinkov is famous in Russia for his flamboyant behavior, but has repeatedly said he is apolitical. He claims he saw Putin only once in his life in 2000. Some mainstream media outlets have even branded Tinkov as opposition to the Kremlin.

Yuri Milner
Russia’s most influential tech investor, Yuri Milner was an early investor in Facebook and Twitter. He is worth $3.5 billion, and has interests in Chinese tech companies, including online retailers Alibaba and JD.com, and smartphone producer Xiaomi.

Yuri Milner, founder of DST Global © Sputnik
“While growing up in the Soviet Union, my father’s advice was ‘stay away from politics.’ My father was a wise man, and ‘staying away from politics’ was one of the reasons I became a scientist early on. I have been following this principle ever since,” Milner said in a Forbes interview last September.
Following his father's advice didn't help the entrepreneur stay out of the crosshairs of the US government.

Evgeny Kaspersky
Kaspersky Lab is one of the largest antivirus producers in the world. Founder Evgeny Kaspersky’s net worth is $1.3 billion.
Kaspersky Lab has long been targeted by Washington. The company’s software has faced bans over alleged meddling in the 2016 US presidential election.
The company has fiercely denied it conducts espionage on behalf of the Russian government. Kaspersky has said he would move the company out of Russia if he was asked to spy for the Kremlin.
“They are just hitting at everything Russian. Since we are working there, we got hit, too” he said in response to US government action against his company.

Mining Minister addresses Davos 2018 and other issues www.gogo.mn

Following Cabinet's report on its first 100 days, on January 29, Minister of Mining and Heavy Industry D. Sumiyabazar briefed journalists on Mongolia's representation at the 2018 World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and the current state of gasoline prices.

79 percent of foreign direct investment made in mining sector www.montsame.mn

Ulaanbaatar /MONTSAME/ In 2017 financial account balance of Mongolia had a surplus of USD 2.4 billion. 
Whereas, current and capital account balance had a deficit of USD 907.1 million. As mentioned in a financial stability report, current account deficit had been mainly covered by foreign loans and resource of foreign exchange reserves in 2013-2016, but it was funded by direct investment inflow in 2017.

Sustainable Agriculture in Mongolia Affected by Harsh Winters www.borgenproject.org

Mongolia sits between Siberia and China and harbors the northern tip of the Gobi desert, desert plains and its legendary steppes. These inhospitable environments do not easily lend themselves to the cultivation of crops. In response to their harsh surroundings, Mongolians developed a society around animal husbandry that has served them well over the millennia. Unfortunately, the introduction of the Soviet system in the early twentieth century, combined with an increase in adverse weather conditions due to climate change, have damaged sustainable agriculture in Mongolia. Today, the Mongolian government, in conjunction with other nations and international aid organizations, is fighting to make Mongolia self-sustaining agriculturally.

Seventy-three percent of the land in Mongolia is used for agriculture and makes up 13.3 percent of the country’s GDP. Less than 1 percent of that land is arable. This land is located mostly in the north, where the river valleys allow for irrigation. Some land in the center of the country is used for the cultivation of wheat and barley, or hardy vegetables such as potatoes, cabbage and carrots. Some fruits and vegetables are grown in and around cities.

The European Commission on International Cooperation and Development sees these small-scale gardening projects in and around cities as an excellent way to help Mongolians improve their food security. Because much of Mongolia’s fruits and vegetables are imported, the urban poor of Mongolia’s cities have less access to these foods. To increase sustainable agriculture in Mongolia and access to food, the EC helped to construct glass and plastic greenhouses in and around cities in Mongolia. The growing season for the beneficiaries increased from six to nine months and 3,000 people are now able to sustain a balanced diet.

Small-scale projects like the one led by the EC are helpful to a few people in a small area, but in time can grow to impact and influence people on a larger scale. Time is not on Mongolia’s side. Climate change has increased the presence and power of two major enemies of sustainable agriculture in Mongolia: desertification and dzuds, extended periods of harsh winter conditions.

Since 2006, the FAO has funded and supported projects to increase the sustainability of agriculture in Mongolia. Most of the funding goes to the livestock industry. The FAO, along with the Mongolian government, wants to increase the security and sustainability of herders and their livestock. This is based on both economic and historical precedent; 72.6 percent of land in Mongolia is used as pasture.

In 2009-2010, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 9.2 million heads of livestock, or 25 percent of the Mongolian livestock population, were killed due to a dzud. FAO emergency funds for the Mongolian project were used to protect the livestock in the seven most affected provinces immediately following the dzud and help replace the animals that were lost.

Urbanization and mining also contribute to the loss of pasture lands. Not all farmers are able to obtain assistance from the state after the loss of their animals during dzuds or the average harsh climate of Mongolia. Many of these farmers and their family are forced to move to cities to find work, food, and shelter.

Climate is not the only factor in the loss of farmers or pastoral lands. The edges of the Gobi desert are slowly creeping forward deeper into Mongolia, affecting the grasslands near deserts. Changes in weather patterns often whittle away at the grassland and help spread the desert soil and sands further. Tin, copper, coal, tungsten and gold are just a few materials that lie beneath the surface of Mongolia. The mining has been useful in improving the economy but is detrimental to the environment and sustainable agriculture in Mongolia.

Sustainable agriculture in Mongolia will improve with time. By working with different international bodies the government has proved that it wants to improve this sector of the economy. Food security and sustainability will also improve the quality of life in Mongolia. Hopefully, once again the families of the steppes will be able to live self-sustaining lives, now in conjunction with the Mongolians of the cities.

– Nick DeMarco