1 14TH MBD MISSION FOR MBCC'S "DOING BUSINESS WITH MONGOLIA SEMINAR & CHRISTMAS RECEPTION" AND BUSINESS PROGRAM DEC 08- 14. 2025 LONDON, UK WWW.MONGOLIANBUSINESSDATABASE.COM PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      2 IMF WRAPS UP 2025 ARTICLE IV TALKS WITH MONGOLIA WWW.IMF.ORG PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      3 POSCO INTERNATIONAL TO LAUNCH WASTEWATER HEAT DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN MONGOLIA WWW.CM.ASIAE.CO.KR  PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      4 MONGOLIA'S EXTERNAL DEBT UP 12.7 PCT IN Q2 2025 WWW.NEWS.AZ PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      5 2025 AUTUMN SESSION OF THE STATE GREAT KHURAL COMMENCES WITH STRUCTURAL REFORMS WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      6 MONGOLIA SURPASSES 617,000 TOURIST ARRIVALS BY MID-SEPTEMBER 2025 WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      7 ODD-EVEN TRAFFIC RESTRICTION CONCLUDES WWW.UBPOST.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/15      8 MMC ANNOUNCES FIRST GOLD POUR COMPLETED AT THE BAYAN KHUNDII MINE IN MONGOLIA WWW.SG.FINANCE.YAHOO.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/09/15      9 MKE LAUNCHES CARTRIDGE PRODUCTION LINE IN MONGOLIA WWW.RAILLYNEWS.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/09/15      10 MONGOLIA’S LARGEST MINING EVENT HIGHLIGHTS INVESTMENT AND RESPONSIBLE MINING WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/14      14 ДЭХЬ УДААГИЙН MBCCI’S “ DOING BUSINESS WITH MONGOLIA SEMINAR & CHRISTMAS RECEPTION” B2B NETWORKING БОЛОН БИЗНЕС ХӨТӨЛБӨР 2025 ОНЫ 12 САРЫН 08 -13 ЛОНДОН ХОТ, ИХ БРИТАНИ WWW.MONGOLIANBUSINESSDATABASE.COM НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/16     ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН ТӨРӨЛЖИЛТИЙН ИНДЕКСЭЭР МОНГОЛ УЛС 145 ОРНООС 139-Д БИЧИГДЖЭЭ WWW.GOGO.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/16     ӨНӨӨДӨР: “СЭЛБЭ 20 МИНУТЫН ХОТ”-ЫН ДАРААГИЙН ЭЭЛЖИЙН ОРОН СУУЦНЫ ТӨСЛИЙН БҮТЭЭН БАЙГУУЛАЛТЫГ ЭХЛҮҮЛНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/16     ШЭНЬ МИНЬЖУАНЬ: БНХАУ МОНГОЛ УЛСЫГ ШХАБ-ЫН ГЭР БҮЛД НЭГДЭЖ, ХАМТЫН АЖИЛЛАГААГАА ӨРГӨЖҮҮЛЭХИЙГ УРЬСАН WWW.ITOIM.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     Г.ЗАНДАШАТАР: ТӨРИЙН ДАНХАР БҮТЦИЙГ ХУМИХ АЖИЛ ИРЭХ ОНД Ч ҮРГЭЛЖИЛНЭ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     Ц.ТУВААН: НҮҮРСНИЙ ҮНЭ 3 САР ТУТАМ ШИНЭЧЛЭГДЭНЭ. ГЭРЭЭНД ЯМАР Ч НУУЦ БАЙХГҮЙ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     ХАНЫН МАТЕРИАЛД 1800 АЙЛЫН ОРОН СУУЦ БАРИХ ТӨСЛИЙН ГҮЙЦЭТГЭГЧ ШАЛГАРЛАА WWW.ITOIM.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     "ТАТВАРЫН ХЭТ ӨНДӨР ТООЦОО БИЗНЕС ЭРХЛЭГЧДИЙГ ХААЛГАА БАРИХАД ХҮРГЭНЭ" WWW.NEWS.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     ГАДААД ХУДАЛДААНЫ НӨХЦӨЛИЙН ИНДЕКС ӨМНӨХ ОНООС 4.1 ХУВИАР БУУРЧЭЭ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     ЭХНИЙ НАЙМАН САРЫН БАЙДЛААР 600 МЯНГАН ЖУУЛЧИН ИРЖЭЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15    

Events

Name organizer Where
MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK MBCCI London UK Goodman LLC

NEWS

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Ford makes contingency plans in case of China year-end tax surprise www.reuters.com

 
Ford Motor Co (F.N) expects China to wait until the last possible moment to announce whether it will extend a tax cut on small engine cars set to expire at year's end and is making contingency plans for various outcomes, an executive said on Wednesday.
 
China's auto industry association, executives and analysts have warned of a potentially steep drop off in sales growth next year if the policy, which halves the purchase tax on cars with engines of 1.6 litres or below, expires as planned at the end of 2016.
 
A government official said in October that the country is considering extending the tax, originally instituted in late 2015 to stimulate the market as vehicle sales flat lined amid a weakening economy.
 
"If there is an announcement about a continuation, I would not be surprised if that announcement is made on literally the last day of year," Peter Fleet, Ford's head of sales and marketing for Asia Pacific, told Reuters in an interview.
 
In the face of such uncertainty, the U.S. automaker is planning for three different scenarios, he said: the tax cut expires, it is extended at a reduced rate, or continues in full.
 
"We're proceeding on the basis that the purchase tax incentive ends at the end of the year," Fleet said.
 
"We'll adjust our plans as quickly as we need to in the new year if there is a different set of assumptions."
 
Fundamental demand for cars will continue to be strong and the tax cut will only result in a marginal change in demand, he said, declining to give exact predictions for 2017 auto sales.
 
Ford is set to announce November sales results for China at later on Wednesday.
 
The tax cut spurred a strong rebound in the world's largest auto market this year with sales for January to October growing 13.8 percent compared with the same period a year earlier, according to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers.
 
Analysts predict flat or negative growth in 2017 if the tax cut expires as planned.
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Japanese and Mongolian decision makers showing up in "Invest Mongolia Tokyo" conference www.mongolia.gogo.mn

 
The conference highlights the Japan-Mongolia Economic Partnership Agreement and the strengthening of the strategic partnership between Mongolia and Japan.
This year, the new Mongolian Government introduces its action plan for the next four years with particular focus on those industries in which Japanese investors have an active interest and the areas that provide the most benefit to the two countries.
Panels:
The outlook of relations between Japan and Mongolia
The current condition of the Mongolian economy and what will be the key drivers for any recovery
The outlook for Mongolia’s mineral exports and implications for Japanese investors
Government Hour: Parliament Members to discuss current issues regarding Mongolia and relations with Japan
Privatization and opportunities in Mongolia
Green Infrastructure
The proposal to the Mongolian Government from Japan
Presentations:
Legal Aspects of Doing Business in Mongolia
General update on the construction and real estate sector in Mongolia
Japanese International Cooperation Agency's operations for the further development of Mongolia
Within the above mentioned items, the conference will also discuss topical matters such as the impact of Oyu Tolgoi underground mine on the economy, the looming 2017 government bond repayment, the economic and political priorities in 2017 for Japan and Mongolia.
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Amazon using robots at distribution center www3.nhk.or.jp

 
Leading Internet retailer Amazon has started operating Japan's first distribution center equipped with robots.
 
Amazon built the distribution center in Kawasaki, near Tokyo, to improve its delivery system in the metropolitan area. The center covers about 40,000 square meters.
 
Several hundred robots move shelves, where goods are stored, to workers who sort them for delivery.
The workers no longer need to walk to the shelves, so the robots are believed to greatly improve work efficiency.
 
Amazon Japan CEO Jeff Hayashida says the robots will help the Internet retailer expand and speed up its services.
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Rio Tinto boss insists Mongolia dispute is 'bump in the road' www.telegraph.co.uk

The boss of FTSE 100 mining group Rio Tinto has insisted a dispute with China over copper exports from Mongolia will be resolved shortly.

Jean-Sebastian Jacques, the French executive who was promoted to the top job in July, said the Anglo Australian miner was used to working with the authorities in the region and hoped to resume exports soon.

Last week Rio’s subsidiary in Mongolia was forced to suspend copper shipments from its vast Oyu Tolgoi mine after Chinese authorities closed a border crossing and ordered copper to be shipped via a different route. The miner expressed concerns that queuing trucks were being made to wait in sub-zero temperatures.

China’s action was thought to be due to its displeasure at a visit to Mongolia by the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual leader who is not recognised by Chinese authorities.

Mr Jacques, who shepherded Oyu Tolgoi into production in his previous role as head of copper, said the miner was used to such “bumps in the road”. “Each time we would work with the authorities and each time it was resolved. I’ve no doubt it will be resolved this time,” he said.

The mine is a flagship project for Rio Tinto, which earlier this year approved a $5.3bn (£4.2bn) expansion to tap deeper levels of the deposit. Nearly all of Oyu Tolgo’s output is sent south to China, the world’s biggest consumer of metals.

The flare-up in Mongolia is the merely the latest headache for the Rio boss, who is contending with two separate regulatory probes into the mining giant’s past activities. Three regulators, including the UK’s Serious Fraud Office, are looking at a £10.5m payment made to help secure an iron ore deposit in Guinea, while US authorities are investigating a $3bn writedown on a mine in Mozambique.

Mr Jacques, speaking ahead of a presentation to analysts in London, said the Guinea probe was a “challenging story” but insisted: “I take integrity and code of conduct very seriously. Where we operate, we must do the right thing.”

Rio Tinto is targeting a $5bn boost in free cashflow over the next five years as it looks to wring more out of its assets.

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Japan provides grant to overhaul school and kindergarten buildings www.mongolia.gogo.mn

 
Two secondary school buildings and one kindergarten building are to overhaul due to implementation of "Grass root - Human Security Project" (GGP) by Government of Japan.
School buildings and school dormitories of Khongor soum, Darkhan-Uul aimag, Tudevtei soum, Zavkhan aimag and kindergarten building of Saintsagaan soum, Dundgobi aimag will be overhauled by grant with worth of $ 206.498 (MNT 453 million 595 thousand 842).
Takenori Shimizu, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary from Japan to Mongolia and affiliated aimag governors signed the project.
"Upon my completion as Ambassador of Japan to Mongolia, I am very pleased that my final duty is to sign one of GGP. I have tried my best to implement GGP throughout Mongolia since 1990. Currently, GGP have successfully implemented in all aimags and 208 soums out of total 332 soums. We have started GGP with the aim to solve issues faced by residents especially in education and health sectors. Today I signed the 503th project.
I would like to express my gratitude to all Mongolians. Mongolia has a lot of potential to develop. However, the country needs a good policy to move forward and improve people`s life. I told officials that economy will be recovered after three years, if the country can manage its all resources properly. Thus, I hope for Mongolia`s bright future", said Ambassador T.Shimizu.
During his tenure, Ambassador T.Shimizu had brought many investment and loans to Mongolia, including US$ 700 million soft loan to construct the New Ulaanbaatar International Airport (NUBIA), US$ 80 million aid to build a hospital under University of Medical Sciences and US$ 50 million soft loan to study 1000 Mongolian engineers in Japan.
Overhaul at school and kindergarten buildings is scheduled to commence in upcoming spring and will finish before Sep, 2017.
The Government of Japan had launched GGP since 1989 to support multilateral needs of developing countries and it funds to small projects which is implemented by local government, education and health sector through the Embassy of Japan.
After GGP had launched in Mongolia since 1990, it had aided to every aimags of Mongolia. Mongolia had been emphasizing educational sector. Thus, over 60% of implemented projects were funded to expansion and repair projects of secondary schools and kindergartens.
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General Motors takes hit to chase e-car boom www.chinadaily.com.cn

 
General Motors Co stands to lose as much as $9,000 on its electric subcompact Chevrolet Bolt. Sounds crazy, but it makes perfect business sense under the no pain, no gain policy driving the electric-vehicle boom in the US.
 
California crafted the doctrine, with tough clean-air rules and a mandate that automakers sell some nonpolluting vehicles if they want to do business in the state, and nine others have adopted it, including New York and New Jersey.
 
The states' rules are set to tighten so that zero-emission vehicles, or ZEVs, will have to increase by an estimated 15.4 percent of sales by 2025, some five times the current level.
 
The hurdles may go even higher in California, where greenhouse-gas emissions are required to be 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. To get there, ZEVs, plug-in hybrids or fuel-cell cars may have to comprise 40 percent of sales, up from about 3 percent now, according to the California Air Resources Board staff projections.
 
"The idea that automakers will sell 40 percent of their vehicles at a loss in California is ludicrous," said Eric Noble, president of CarLab, a California-based consulting company, who reckons most electric cars lose at least $10,000 per sale.
 
The industry's willing to take the hit on a small scale now. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV's battery-powered Fiat 500e is made for California alone, and Chief Executive Officer Sergio Marchionne said in 2014 that it was losing $14,000 per sale.
 
The industry might figure out how to make zero-emission cars into money makers once the charging-station infrastructure is built up and battery costs fall. Global demand seems sure to rise, with major economies, including China, having recognized climate change as a threat and emissions from gas-powered autos a chief contributor.
 
The US has a zero-emission vehicle incentive, offering a $7,500 tax credit to buyers, and also gives credits to manufacturers to reward them for cars that meet the greenhouse-gas reduction targets set by the Obama administration.
 
On Wednesday, the US Environmental Protection Agency took a formal step to make it harder for President-elect Donald Trump to undo Obama's targets. EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy announced a preliminary determination that Obama's 2025 targets are achievable, affordable and appropriate.
 
Whatever happens in the national capital, California will be where the power is for years to come. The bill that established its greenhouse-gas targets was championed by then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger.
 
Under the rules, GM needs to sell enough Bolts so that it can sell other vehicles, including pickups and SUVs. The Bolt's anticipated per-sale loss of roughly $8,000 to $9,000 is an estimate based on a sticker price of $37,500, according to a person familiar with the matter.
 
Here's how the math works for GM in California: Let's say it sells a total of 219,962 vehicles in one model year (as it did, in fact, in 2015). To avoid heavy fines or the threat of getting shut out entirely, it would need state-awarded ZEV credits equal to 14 percent of the total-or 30,794. That would mean finding buyers for 7,698 Bolts, earning four credits for each, or 10,082 Chevy Volt plug-in hybrids or a combination of the two.
 
"Electric vehicles are compliance vehicles and GM knows this," said the CarLab's Noble. "The Bolt will take sales from all of the other vehicles on the market, and GM will get a lot of credits."
 
The more ZEVs a company peddles to the public, the more credits it earns, and those with a surplus can sell them to competitors that are falling behind. Tesla has been able to really tap the program. In the third quarter, it made $139 million by selling credits, which helped Tesla hit its second-ever quarterly profit on a GAAP basis.
 
The US is one-fifth of the global car market, and groups ready to go to battle over emissions like to offer an argument beyond the threats of smog and global warming. California's policies are forcing companies to be innovative, said Luke Tonachel, a senior analyst for the Natural Resources Defense Council. If they stop, "US manufacturers could lose market share."
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Berlin ordered to pay compensation to nuclear firms www.rt.com

 
The German Constitutional Court has ruled that electricity generating companies should be compensated after the government ordered the shutdown of all the nuclear power plants following Japan's Fukushima disaster.
 
The court ordered Berlin to resolve the issue by June 2018 and said the firms were entitled to “adequate compensation,” but provided no details on how much they would receive.
 
Following the meltdown at Japan's Fukushima nuclear power plant, the German government decided to immediately halt operations at the country's eight nuclear power stations and to shut the other nine by 2022.
 
The step was a sharp reversal for Chancellor Angela Merkel, as her government had previously decided to extend the lifespan of the country’s nuclear power until 2036, overturning the previous administration’s decision to phase-out the enterprises.
 
German electricity generators EON and RWE and Sweden's Vattenfall filed a complaint with the Federal Constitutional Court arguing the order constituted an expropriation of their assets and demanded compensation. The firms reportedly evaluated their losses at about €20 billion ($21.53 billion).
 
“We cannot simply accept that Parliament disregarded constitutional requirements by providing for no compensation,” the chief of EON, Johannes Teyssen told the court in March, arguing that the accelerated shutdown caused the German utilities significant economic damage.
 
The constitutional court decision might have an impact on separate talks between the government and nuclear plant operators on German nuclear waste disposal.
 
According to a draft law approved in October, EON, RWE, and EnBW must pay €23.6 billion into a state fund for storing nuclear waste by 2022.
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Singapore top in global education rankings www.bbc.com

Singapore has the highest achieving students in international education rankings, with its teenagers coming top in tests in maths, reading and science.
The influential Pisa rankings, run by the OECD, are based on tests taken by 15-year-olds in more than 70 countries.
The UK remains a middle-ranking performer - behind countries such as Japan, Estonia, Finland and Vietnam.
OECD education director Andreas Schleicher said Singapore was "not only doing well, but getting further ahead".

Singapore, named as the top rated country for maths and science in another ranking last week, is in first place in all the Pisa test subjects, ahead of school systems across Asia, Europe, Australasia and North and South America.
What is Pisa? In three sentences
The Programme for International Student Assessment (Pisa) provides education rankings based on international tests taken by 15-year-olds in maths, reading and science.
The tests, run by the OECD and taken every three years, have become increasingly influential on politicians who see their countries and their policies being measured against these global school league tables.
Asian countries continue to dominate, with Singapore rated as best, replacing Shanghai, which is now part of a combined entry for China.

Singapore has replaced Shanghai as the previous top-ranked education system - with Shanghai no longer appearing as a separate entry in these school rankings.
There had been debate over whether Shanghai was representative of school standards across China - and this year, for the first time, Shanghai is included in a wider figure for China, based on schools in four provinces.

Hong Kong and Macao also appear among the high-achieving education systems.
The US has again failed to make progress.
"We're losing ground - a troubling prospect when, in today's knowledge-based economy, the best jobs can go anywhere in the world,'' said the US Education Secretary, John King.
Asian countries on top
Asian education systems dominate the upper reaches of the these results tables - accounting for the top seven places for maths, with Singapore followed by Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Japan, China and South Korea.

The UK's test results remain behind the top-performing Asian education systems
Finland, Estonia, Canada and Ireland are the only non-Asian nations to get into any of the top five rankings across all three subjects.
Mr Schleicher said that Asian countries such as Singapore managed to achieve excellence without wide differences between children from wealthy and disadvantaged families.
He described Vietnam's progress as "quite remarkable", coming ahead of Germany and Switzerland in science - and ahead of the US in science and maths.

Among South American countries, Mr Schleicher highlighted the improvements in Peru and Colombia.
But the UK has failed to make any substantial improvement - despite education ministers in England making the Pisa rankings an important measurement of progress.
In maths, the UK is ranked 27th, slipping down a place from three years ago, the lowest since it began participating in the Pisa tests in 2000
In reading, the UK is ranked 22nd, up from 23rd, having fallen out of the top 20 in 2006
The UK's most successful subject is science, up from 21st to 15th place - the highest placing since 2006, although the test score has declined
Within the UK, Wales had the lowest results at every subject.
Education Secretary Kirsty Williams said: "We can all agree we are not yet where we want to be."
But she said that "hard work is underway" to make improvements in Wales - and that it was important to "stay the course".
Scotland trails behind England and Northern Ireland - recording its worst results in these Pisa rankings.
Deputy First Minister John Swinney said the "results underline the case for radical reform of Scotland's education system".
England had the strongest results in the UK, but compared with previous years, Mr Schleicher said "performance hasn't moved at all".
The OECD education chief highlighted concerns about the impact of teacher shortages - saying that an education system could never exceed the quality of its teachers.
"There is clearly a perceived shortage," he said, warning that head teachers saw a teacher shortage as "a major bottleneck" to raising standards.
So why is Singapore so successful at education?
Singapore only became an independent country in 1965.
And while in the UK the Beatles were singing We Can Work It Out, in Singapore they were really having to work it out, as this new nation had a poor, unskilled, mostly illiterate workforce.

Singapore made a priority of recruiting top graduates into teaching
The small Asian country focused relentlessly on education as a way of developing its economy and raising living standards.
And from being among the world's poorest, with a mix of ethnicities, religions and languages, Singapore has overtaken the wealthiest countries in Europe, North America and Asia to become the number one in education.
Prof Sing Kong Lee, vice-president of Nanyang Technological University, which houses Singapore's National Institute of Education, said a key factor had been the standard of teaching.
"Singapore invested heavily in a quality teaching force - to raise up the prestige and status of teaching and to attract the best graduates," said Prof Lee.
The country recruits its teachers from the top 5% of graduates in a system that is highly centralised.
All teachers are trained at the National Institute of Education, and Prof Lee said this single route ensured quality control and that all new teachers could "confidently go through to the classroom".
This had to be a consistent, long-term approach, sustained over decades, said Prof Lee.
Education was an "eco-system", he said, and "you can't change one part in isolation".

 
 
 
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Trump: Softbank to invest $50bn in US businesses www.bbc.com

Shares of Japanese technology firm Softbank have soared to their highest level in more than one year in Tokyo trade, jumping 5% at the open.
That is on news Chief Executive Masayoshi Son said he will invest $50bn (£39.3bn) in US businesses.
But details are lacking on where the money will go and how it will benefit American businesses.
Mr Son made the announcement after meeting US President-elect Donald Trump in New York.
Mr Trump shared the news about the Softbank investment on social media, via his Twitter page.
Donald Trump's four-year term as US president will start following his inauguration on 20 January.

Softbank is one of the world's biggest technology companies and is run by its founder, Japanese entrepreneur Masayoshi Son.
It has previously acquired Vodafone's Japanese operations and the US telecoms company Sprint. The $20bn deal was the biggest foreign acquisition by a Japanese firm at the time.
Mr Son is known to have an eye for potentially transformative industries and trends. He was an early investor in Alibaba and saw the potential in e-commerce before anyone else did.
Softbank acquired UK technology firm ARM Holdings in July, for $32bn. The Cambridge-based firm designs microchips used in many smartphones, including those of Apple and South Korea's Samsung.

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OPEC deal could give Russia extra $15bn in oil revenue www.rt.com

 
With the Russian budget based on the oil price averaging $40 per barrel, the jump to $55 after OPEC agreed to production cuts could add one trillion rubles (about $15 billion) to Kremlin coffers, according to VTB Capital analysts.
 
If the average price of oil remains at $55 per barrel next year, Russian earnings from energy will be higher by 1.1 trillion rubles totaling 6.1 trillion rubles, or $95 billion, the bank said.
 
According to Uralsib bank analysts, quoted by Vedomosti daily, if oil prices are 15-25 percent higher than budgeted next year, and there is no unplanned spending, the budget deficit will be reduced to 1.8 percent of GDP, compared to nearly four percent this year. And if the trend continues, the budget hole will be eliminated in 2018.
 
VTB Capital points out, however, that with growing oil revenues costs will rise as well, and the Finance Ministry will just borrow less money and burn fewer reserves.
 
Oil prices were down slightly after topping $55 per barrel for first time in 16 months on Monday.
 
Brent was trading 23 cents lower at $54.71, while US West Texas Intermediate slid 43 cents to $51.36.
 
Investors say optimism about the OPEC-Russia deal which helped boost prices 15 percent is fading. In November, OPEC produced a record 34.19 million barrels per day (bpd) from 33.82 million bpd in October, according to a Reuters survey. At the same time, Russia pumped crude at 11.21 million bpd, another post-Soviet record.
 
"Most of the position adjustments that the OPEC decision forced upon traders have now run their course, and it leaves the market exposed to profit taking," said Ole Hansen, head of commodities strategy at Saxo Bank, as quoted by Reuters.
 
"The meeting on Saturday between OPEC and non-OPEC producers will be crucial to maintaining the bullish sentiment seen since last Wednesday," Hansen added.
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