One of the World's Biggest Miners Is About to Go Coal-Free www.bloomberg.com

Just five years ago it would have been almost unthinkable that one of the world’s biggest mining companies would not dig any coal. It’s now likely to become a reality.

Rio Tinto Group, the world’s second-largest miner, has been steadily backtracking from coal to focus on better assets. It’s now looking for buyers for its remaining coal mines in Australia, and a sale will mark a complete exit from the fuel.

Rio’s potential coal-free future is in stark contrast with many of its rivals. Glencore Plc, the world’s top coal shipper, this year increased its exposure by agreeing to pay $1.1 billion plus royalties for a large stake in Australian assets sold by Rio. The fuel, which generates about 40 percent of the world’s electricity, is one of BHP Billiton Ltd.’s main strategies, while Anglo American Plc has pulled back on plans to sell out of the commodity.

While many miners are bullish on coal, the world’s dirtiest fuel has become a flashpoint for a growing movement of investors calling for miners to cut their exposure. For example, Norway’s sovereign wealth fund doesn’t invest in firms that make 30 percent of their sales from coal, while the Church of England sets the limit at 10 percent.

“People are picking different levels, whether they are divesting for ethical reasons or for business driven reasons,” said Helen Wildsmith, head of climate change at CCLA Investment Management, which manages money for the Church of England. “Having one of the big diversified miners without thermal coal does give investors more options.”

Yet Rio’s decision is more to do with its coal mines not being able to compete with its other assets, rather than pressure from climate-change or divestment campaigns. Chief Executive Officer Jean-Sebastien Jacques has argued that even a mining firm as big as his only has so much managerial talent and money, and must focus those on more productive assets. It has also been able to sell coal mines for what it sees as good prices, allowing more cash to be returned to shareholders.

Even so, mining companies are increasingly having to consider how global proposals to curb greenhouse gases will impact the future of commodities they mine, said Wildsmith, who’s part of a team of investors that talks to firms like BHP and Rio about climate change.

“The big diversified miners are all trying to work out which commodities are going to be most disadvantaged in the future, and the low-carbon transition is one of the big uncertainties that they and other companies are facing,” she said. “We’re seeing more companies integrating their thinking on climate change scenarios into the macro-economic and cyclical scenarios that they work with.”

It looks like Rio won’t have to worry about coal for too much longer. It sent out preliminary information on the Hail Creek and Kestrel coal mines to potential buyers last month and asked for indicative bids by early December, people familiar with the matter said in October.

The London-based miner has been shedding its Australian coal assets since dismantling its energy division in 2015. Earlier this year, it agreed to sell its Coal & Allied Industries Ltd. to China’s Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., before Glencore then bought a stake in the project. Rio has also sold other projects from Australia to Mozambique.

30 special permits for exploration granted in 2017 www.mongolia.gogo.mn

Fourteen special permit bids for 90 designated exploration areas were announced and 30 special permits for exploration were granted in 2017.

The Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority (MRPA) stated that 14.2 billion MNT in state revenue was generated from the special permits granted. The remaining exploration areas, which investors passed over during the license auction, have been made eligible for licensing through an application process.
The MRPA said that the granting of special permits was based on a company’s bid and their technical capacity. The MRPA has proposed that special permits be eligible for return to the government if the company that receives the license doesn’t invest in the field within an agreed upon timeframe.

The Electric Car Revolution Will Need a Lot of Copper www.bloomberg.com

Demand for copper globally is set to jump 22 percent in as soon as five years on increasing usage of the metal in electric vehicles, solar and wind power sectors, according to Indian billionaire Kumar Mangalam Birla’s Hindalco Industries Ltd.

Prime Minister talks oil exploration with the Indian Ambassador www.mongolia.gogo.mn

Prime Minister U. Khurelsukh received Ambassador of India, H.E. Dr. T. Suresh Babu on November 8.

The Prime Minister expressed his gratitude for relations between Mongolia and India developing into strategic partnership. He stated that his cabinet will work effectively with the one billion USD soft loan being granted by the Government of India.
As outlined in the soft loan agreement between the two countries, a technical and economic feasibility study has begun for establishing an oil field and pipeline. The two sides also discussed establishing an information technology outsourcing data center.
The Indian Ambassador said that training sessions will be organized for the two projects teams. The Ambassador also noted that a tender offer for establishing the oil field may be announced in the first quarter of 2018.

Mongolia's Deputy Foreign minister visiting Paraguay www.mfa.gov.mn

Mrs. B.Battsetseg, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Mongolia, is on a working visit to the Republic of Paraguay on November 8-10, 2017.

Itools IPO oversubscribed by 1.84 www.mse.mn

ITools, the most recent company to be listed on the Mongolian Stock Exchange, is offering 13.4 million shares, or 38.6%, of its shares outstanding for its IPO. While total subscription for the stock had reached 115% on November 8th, 2017, it has reached 184.4%, or a combined 24.6 million shares ordered by 627 individuals and entities, today.

Gold price: Global demand falls to 8-year low www.mining.com

The latest report by The World Gold Council on global trends showed a sharp drop overall demand for the metal during the third quarter as investor purchases of gold-backed exchange traded funds cooled and jewellery demand softened.

November 09, 2017 trading report www.mse.mn

On November 09, 2017, 74,522 shares of 20 firms listed as Tier I, II, and III were traded. 11 firms’ shares increased in price, 7 decreased and 2 remained unchanged. State Department Store JSC /UID/ was the top performer, increasing 12.43 percent, whereas Mik Holding JSC /MIK/ was the worst performer, decreasing 6.99 percent.

Mongolian, UK parliament members discuss ties www.akipress.com

AKIPRESS.COM - Mongolia-UK relations and cooperation have been increasingly developing in many sectors since the establishment of diplomatic relations of two countries in 1963, Mongolian Parliament Speaker Miyegombo Enkhbold said during a meeting with British parliamentarians John Grogan and Wayne David, who arrived in Mongolia for Nov.4-10 visit.

Mongolia slowly but surely digging itself out www.crugroup.com

Mongolia, a country with abundant mineral resources but with so much unfulfilled potential, appears to be slowly digging itself out from its economic woes, and most importantly restoring investor confidence.

In this CRU Spotlight, John Johnson, CEO of CRU China who has been visiting Mongolia regularly since 2009, explains what has changed in recent times following a recent visit.1

Earlier this year, Mongolia was in danger of defaulting on debt repayments and investor confidence was extremely low. Mongolia turned to the IMF for support, and already there are encouraging signs that the country is turning a corner. The Mongolian economy has stabilised and investor confidence is slowly being restored. While Mongolia has benefited enormously from exogenous factors such as rising commodity prices and China’s supply-side cutbacks, it is also important to note that improvements have occurred as a result of changes in government policy. Not all of Mongolia’s structural problems have been solved, but CRU thinks that it may have passed a turning point.

This should be of interest to the international mining community keen to unlock Mongolia’s considerable mineral potential.

Not only does the country have some of the world’s largest undeveloped copper, gold and coal reserves, but it has many other undeveloped mineral deposits, in addition to being on the doorstep of the world’s largest commodity consuming market.

John Johnson
Chief Executive Officer, CRU China
Positive developments in 2017 
What positive changes have occurred in Mongolia recently? In 2016, Mongolia’s external debt was 218% of GDP, its fiscal deficit was 20% of GDP, foreign exchange reserves were tumbling, and the Mongolian Tugrik was one of the world’s worst performing currencies. Foreign debt payments were due, and there was a high risk of default. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI) was tumbling and the mining sector was struggling, having been through a period of several years of low prices and falling export volumes.

Fast forward one year later to 2017 and the IMF implementation of a $5.5 billion Extended Concessional Loan Facility appears to have marked a new beginning. Government actions, including fiscal transparency, tax increases and monetary tightening, have started. The budget deficit has been cut, foreign exchange reserves have been replenished and the Mongolian currency has actually started rising again. Bond payments have been rolled over, a new bond offering launched and real GDP growth has recovered from almost zero in 2016 to 5.3% in H1 2017.

Increasing commodity prices and export volumes have clearly helped, since export revenues have increased significantly. In particular, the Mongolian economy has been boosted by an increase in prices for coking coal during 2017, with coal overtaking copper as the largest revenue earner, which was also aided by the collapse of North Korean coal exports to China. Mineral exports are important to the Mongolian economy, accounting for more than 30% of GDP.2 Furthermore, approximately 90% of these exports are destined for China, so Mongolia’s prosperity is unavoidably linked to China’s commodity imports.

Restoring investor confidence is a government priority 
Although the economy appears to have stabilised in the short term and the government has introduced some positive policies, more structural reform is required. At a conference in Ulaanbaatar attended by John Johnson in September of this year, the then Prime Minister, Erdenebat, indicated that the most important objective is to promote foreign direct investment, but this has yet to materially pick up. The Prime Minister also reported that the government is planning to resolve road blocks to delayed projects, most notably in mining and infrastructure.

One of the most important developments for the international investment community has been the Mongolian government’s willingness to restore investor confidence. Uncertainty concerning administration, interpretation and enforcement of existing regulations was one of the biggest obstacles for investors. In order to address this issue, one tangible government policy is the creation of the Investment Protection Council (IPC) in 2016, which is a “one-stop shop” for investors. The IPC consists of senior government officials and interested stakeholders from the international community.

The IPC’s main purpose is to protect investors with more transparent processes and time lines for settling investment disputes and improving the investment framework. Already more than 80 grievances have been heard and new proposals made to simplify mining license procedures. The IPC will join international forums on investment such as the Investor Competition Forum in Vienna in November. It is relatively early on in the lifetime of this new shift in Mongolian policy to assert the success of the IPC, but it clearly represents a move in the right direction designed to encourage FDI.

It will take time for international investor confidence to return. In the 2016 Fraser Institute Survey of Mining Companies about perceptions of investment attractiveness, Mongolia ranked 87 out of 110 mining jurisdictions. Most importantly, the international investor needs to know that projects are making money and will not be a cause of local resentment. Towards this end there is a pipeline of major projects, including the Oyo Tolgoi underground copper-gold mine, Tavan Tolgoi coal mine, new power plants and rail projects, which should provide such evidence, but these will take time to be successfully developed.

The Oyo Tolgoi copper-gold underground mine project, owned 66% by Rio Tinto and 34% by the Mongolian government, is by far the largest flagship project proceeding at the moment, with more than US$6 billion invested so far, and current investments being made at a rate of more than US$1 billion annually. This project employs more than 11,000 workers and has additional spin-off benefits for the Mongolian economy. Underground production will begin in 2020/2021, when the export revenue benefits to the Mongolian economy will be enormous.

Further structural changes required
Mongolia is a land-locked country and infrastructure remains one of the biggest challenges. Projects to pave roads are progressing, but Mongolia is still ranked relatively low in global measurements for infrastructure. In the 2016 Fraser Institute Survey, Mongolia ranked 97 out of 104 jurisdictions based on perceptions of infrastructure.3 In particular, further advances in the rail route from the Tavan Tolgoi coal mine to the Chinese border remain stalled and this creates a considerable bottleneck. Such a rail connection could potentially reduce coal transport costs by at least $10/tonne, thereby increasing Mongolia’s competitiveness, and facilitate raising coal export capacity on this route from 45 to 65 million tpy.

Meanwhile the relative weakness of Mongolia’s banks compared to the overall size of the economy and the large amounts of capital required to fund Mongolia’s growth continue to act as a constraint. Much remains to be done, since Mongolia still has a low sovereign debt rating. The IMF has expressed satisfaction with the results of its first “inspection” which took place in early August, meaning that the monies from Japan, Korea, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank should also be forthcoming. China has rolled over swap-lines, too. Few obstacles are expected to the release of the next tranche of money from the IMF in December, pending meetings between the IMF, the new Prime Minister and the new cabinet.

Other trends may boost Mongolia further, such as China’s Belt and Road initiative and rising global commodity prices. However, Mongolia must avoid the complacency that can come with higher commodity prices. Diversification away from mining is considered a key priority by the government, but profits are likely to be required from mining activity before reinvestment in non-mining activities can succeed. Meanwhile, a number of projects to add value to minerals have been identified, such as copper smelting and coal washing plants.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Mongolia has stabilised its economy over the short term. Structural reforms and key projects are taking place over the medium term, which should lead to economic growth rates of 8-10% at the end of the decade.

For Mongolia to unlock its mineral potential, the most important issue is for investors to return, and this will depend on the consistency and continuity of policies.

John Johnson
Chief Executive Officer, CRU China
Perhaps most importantly, political stability and consistency in civil service policy need to be restored. Unfortunately, these have not been helped by the previous Prime Minister and his cabinet being forced to resign by a vote in parliament in September. Nonetheless, there are clear signs that the former government made considerable progress on a variety of issues that concern investors, such as the establishment of the Investors’ Protection Council. It is understood that the new Prime Minister, Khurelsukh Ukhnaa, and newly appointed cabinet, are even more pro-FDI than Erdenebat was. Furthermore, there appears to be broad agreement among the political parties on the importance of foreign investment to Mongolia and the measures required to attract it. Any future government is likely to adhere to the policies set out by the previous one if Mongolia is going to continue to receive the support of the IMF. Therefore, the economy is likely to continue to improve, a virtuous-circle created and investment influx should follow.

John Johnson presented at two conferences in Ulaanbaatar – Invest Mongolia and Discover Mongolia – in September 2017.
Mongolian 2016 nominal GDP was approximately US$11.2 billion.
This ranking is based on % of respondents who thought the quality of infrastructure a) encourages investment b) is not a deterrent to investment c) is a mild deterrent or d) is a strong deterrent.