1 14TH MBD MISSION FOR MBCC'S "DOING BUSINESS WITH MONGOLIA SEMINAR & CHRISTMAS RECEPTION" AND BUSINESS PROGRAM DEC 08- 14. 2025 LONDON, UK WWW.MONGOLIANBUSINESSDATABASE.COM PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      2 IMF WRAPS UP 2025 ARTICLE IV TALKS WITH MONGOLIA WWW.IMF.ORG PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      3 POSCO INTERNATIONAL TO LAUNCH WASTEWATER HEAT DISTRICT HEATING PROJECT IN MONGOLIA WWW.CM.ASIAE.CO.KR  PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      4 MONGOLIA'S EXTERNAL DEBT UP 12.7 PCT IN Q2 2025 WWW.NEWS.AZ PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      5 2025 AUTUMN SESSION OF THE STATE GREAT KHURAL COMMENCES WITH STRUCTURAL REFORMS WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      6 MONGOLIA SURPASSES 617,000 TOURIST ARRIVALS BY MID-SEPTEMBER 2025 WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/16      7 ODD-EVEN TRAFFIC RESTRICTION CONCLUDES WWW.UBPOST.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/15      8 MMC ANNOUNCES FIRST GOLD POUR COMPLETED AT THE BAYAN KHUNDII MINE IN MONGOLIA WWW.SG.FINANCE.YAHOO.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/09/15      9 MKE LAUNCHES CARTRIDGE PRODUCTION LINE IN MONGOLIA WWW.RAILLYNEWS.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/09/15      10 MONGOLIA’S LARGEST MINING EVENT HIGHLIGHTS INVESTMENT AND RESPONSIBLE MINING WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/09/14      14 ДЭХЬ УДААГИЙН MBCCI’S “ DOING BUSINESS WITH MONGOLIA SEMINAR & CHRISTMAS RECEPTION” B2B NETWORKING БОЛОН БИЗНЕС ХӨТӨЛБӨР 2025 ОНЫ 12 САРЫН 08 -13 ЛОНДОН ХОТ, ИХ БРИТАНИ WWW.MONGOLIANBUSINESSDATABASE.COM НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/16     ЭДИЙН ЗАСГИЙН ТӨРӨЛЖИЛТИЙН ИНДЕКСЭЭР МОНГОЛ УЛС 145 ОРНООС 139-Д БИЧИГДЖЭЭ WWW.GOGO.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/16     ӨНӨӨДӨР: “СЭЛБЭ 20 МИНУТЫН ХОТ”-ЫН ДАРААГИЙН ЭЭЛЖИЙН ОРОН СУУЦНЫ ТӨСЛИЙН БҮТЭЭН БАЙГУУЛАЛТЫГ ЭХЛҮҮЛНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/16     ШЭНЬ МИНЬЖУАНЬ: БНХАУ МОНГОЛ УЛСЫГ ШХАБ-ЫН ГЭР БҮЛД НЭГДЭЖ, ХАМТЫН АЖИЛЛАГААГАА ӨРГӨЖҮҮЛЭХИЙГ УРЬСАН WWW.ITOIM.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     Г.ЗАНДАШАТАР: ТӨРИЙН ДАНХАР БҮТЦИЙГ ХУМИХ АЖИЛ ИРЭХ ОНД Ч ҮРГЭЛЖИЛНЭ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     Ц.ТУВААН: НҮҮРСНИЙ ҮНЭ 3 САР ТУТАМ ШИНЭЧЛЭГДЭНЭ. ГЭРЭЭНД ЯМАР Ч НУУЦ БАЙХГҮЙ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     ХАНЫН МАТЕРИАЛД 1800 АЙЛЫН ОРОН СУУЦ БАРИХ ТӨСЛИЙН ГҮЙЦЭТГЭГЧ ШАЛГАРЛАА WWW.ITOIM.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     "ТАТВАРЫН ХЭТ ӨНДӨР ТООЦОО БИЗНЕС ЭРХЛЭГЧДИЙГ ХААЛГАА БАРИХАД ХҮРГЭНЭ" WWW.NEWS.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     ГАДААД ХУДАЛДААНЫ НӨХЦӨЛИЙН ИНДЕКС ӨМНӨХ ОНООС 4.1 ХУВИАР БУУРЧЭЭ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15     ЭХНИЙ НАЙМАН САРЫН БАЙДЛААР 600 МЯНГАН ЖУУЛЧИН ИРЖЭЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/09/15    

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MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK MBCCI London UK Goodman LLC

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Mongolia’s Ancient Elk Petroglyphs Show 12,000 Years of Cultural and Environmental Shift www.indiandefencereview.com

A recent study published in the Cambridge Archaeological Journal examines the evolution of elk petroglyphs in western Mongolia, which span over a period of 12,000 years. Initially, these carvings depicted elk with remarkable realism, reflecting an intimate understanding of the natural world. However, as time progressed, these representations transformed into more abstract, wolf-like symbols. According to Archaeology Magazine, this shift not only represents changes in artistic style but also indicates significant transformations in the environment, human mobility, and cultural identity. The evolution of these petroglyphs offers a fascinating insight into the complex interplay between art, society, and the surrounding landscape.
In the early depictions of elk in the Altai region, these majestic animals were drawn in meticulous detail, showcasing natural poses and even interactions with other extinct species like mammoths and woolly rhinos.
However, over time, these realistic images began to transform.
By the Bronze Age, elk were depicted with exaggerated features and distorted facial characteristics, hinting at an evolution from observational art to more abstract, symbolic forms.
The Role of Environment and Climate in Shaping These Changes
As the climate shifted during the Holocene, the Eurasian steppe grew cooler and drier. Forests—once home to elk (Cervus elaphus sibiricus)—receded, pushing the elk to migrate westward. In response to these changes, human populations also adapted, increasingly embracing pastoralism and moving to higher altitudes.
This transformation is mirrored in the rock art, where carvings appear at progressively higher elevations over time. The Altai region itself, where Mongolia, Russia, China, and Kazakhstan meet, holds one of the longest continuous rock art traditions in the world, spanning from the Late Paleolithic (around 12,000 years ago) to the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.
By the later stages of the Bronze Age, the elk ceased to be merely a representation of the natural world. Instead, it became a symbol, possibly reflecting status, clan affiliation, or spiritual beliefs. Over time, the elk’s representation became more stylized and abstract, eventually disappearing from art altogether by the Turkic period. One of the most fascinating aspects of this shift is the discovery of an elk image carved on a vast glacial boulder in Tsagaan Salaa IV. Dr. Esther Jacobson-Tepfer, who discovered this artifact in 1995, remarked,
“It seemed to reflect a complex interweaving of deep geological time, iconography, and its social implications,” she described the boulder as not only an artifact
—but a symbol of evolving cultural identity, highlighting how art transformed alongside environmental and societal changes.
The Impact of Mobility and Social Hierarchy on Artistic Traditions
Dr. Jacobson-Tepfer’s fieldwork in the region also illustrates how these petroglyphs represent a broader shift in human social structures. As mounted travel became more prevalent, art began to incorporate stylized depictions of animals on personal items, signaling the emergence of new social hierarchies and a more mobile way of life.
Over time, the elk’s representation evolved, becoming an emblem of changing social identities rather than a mere depiction of nature. The elk, once a central element of life in the region, completely vanished from the art tradition by the time of the Turkic period, marking a distinct break in the cultural continuity of these ancient peoples.

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Russian experts remind China: There is a neighboring country that is obviously in the opposite direction and may very likely "betray" China and Russia www.vocal.media

In 2024, Russian East Asian expert Andrei Gubin issued a warning: China should be careful of Mongolia, as this neighbor is quietly "changing its heart".
Gubin is an old professor at Moscow State University who has studied East Asian politics for more than 30 years, and his words carry a lot of weight.
Gubin further explained: Mongolian young people are increasingly yearning for the West, and the government's "third neighbor" policy is actually preparing for the future to turn to the West.
Although this sounds harsh, if you think about it carefully, it really makes sense.
In August 2024, US Secretary of State Blinken visited Ulaanbaatar in a high-profile manner, and the two countries signed a "Strategic Third Neighbor Partnership" agreement.
A month later, Putin rushed to Mongolia to "put out the fire". In June 2025, the pro-Western Mongolian Prime Minister Oyun Erdene stepped down for corruption, but the newly appointed Zandanshatar still had to balance between the major powers.
Why does this small country sandwiched between China and Russia make Gubin so worried? Is it really possible for it to "betray" China and Russia?
Why is Mongolia so important: there are treasures underground and the sky above
When it comes to Mongolia, many people's first impression is grasslands, herdsmen, and horse-head fiddles. But this idea is too superficial.
Mongolia has an area of 1.56 million square kilometers, which is larger than Xinjiang, but has a population of only 3.6 million, which is less than the population of a district in Beijing. How sparsely populated is it? On average, there are less than 3 people per square kilometer, the lowest in the world.
But don't underestimate this place.
The treasures buried underground are enough to make the whole world jealous. There are 173 billion tons of coal reserves, tens of billions of tons of copper mines, rare earths, molybdenum, uranium, etc. Especially rare earths, which are now more precious than gold, and are indispensable for making chips and missiles.
The location is even more amazing.
It is adjacent to Russia's Siberia for more than 8,000 kilometers in the north and China's 4,677-kilometer border in the south. Completely surrounded by the two great powers of China and Russia, this is the "heartland" in geopolitics.
It is no exaggeration to say that whoever controls this place can influence the entire Eurasian continent.
From China's perspective, Mongolia is a "treasure pot" plus a "buffer zone".
In 2024, the trade volume between China and Mongolia was 18 billion US dollars, accounting for 80% of Mongolia's foreign trade. More than 90% of the 83.76 million tons of coal exported by Mongolia were sold to China. Half of the coking coal used by steel mills in North China and Northeast China was shipped from Mongolia.
But Mongolia does not only do business with China.
80% of its oil and natural gas are imported from Russia, and winter heating depends entirely on Russian supply. Although trade with the United States accounts for only 2%, the United States' influence in technology investment and mining development is rapidly increasing.
Speaking of this, we have to mention history.
During the Qing Dynasty, Outer Mongolia was under the jurisdiction of China for more than 200 years, and the political, economic and cultural ties were very close.
After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Outer Mongolia declared "independence" with the support of Tsarist Russia. During the Soviet period, Mongolia became a "satellite state" of the Soviet Union, and its political and economic model was completely copied from the Soviet model for 70 years. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1990, Mongolia began to implement a multi-party system and market economy, but it always felt that it was used to being controlled by big countries and wanted more "autonomy".
This historical experience has left the Mongolian government and people with a knot in their hearts: they don't want to rely entirely on any big country anymore. This is the psychological root of the "third neighbor" policy.
The United States' "boiling frog in warm water": 20 years of layout to see the real results
The United States has always been patient in geopolitics, and its layout in Mongolia has been in place for more than 20 years.
Now the effect is beginning to show.
Blinken's visit to Ulaanbaatar in August 2024 is not just a formality.
The United States has promised to significantly increase investment, focusing on mining and clean energy. What's even more ruthless is that the United States helped Mongolia design a trade route that "bypasses China and Russia" - going directly to the sea through the Busan Port in South Korea.
Although the cost is several times more expensive than going through Chinese and Russian ports, it gives Mongolia the psychological comfort of "not completely relying on China and Russia".
For Mongolia, this is like buying insurance, spending money to buy peace of mind. It is precisely because of the lessons learned from being controlled by big powers in history that Mongolia particularly cherishes this feeling of "diversity".
The military cooperation between the two sides seems insignificant, but the impact is not small.
Since 2003, the "Khan Quest" military exercise has been held every year, with the participation of the United States, Japan, and South Korea.
The Mongolian army has a total of only 12,000 people, less than one division of China, but the political signal released by this exercise is very clear: Mongolia must maintain a certain balance between big powers.
For Mongolia, the most powerful thing is the cultural infiltration of the United States.
The US Embassy has set up an "American Corner" project in Mongolia, building libraries, showing movies, and holding English training everywhere. It looks harmless to people and animals, but it has the greatest lethality.
Why do you say that? Just look at the effect.
Sixty percent of Mongolia's population is under 35 years old. These young people have watched American TV series and learned English since childhood, and they are particularly yearning for American life. There are more coffee shops in Ulaanbaatar than milk tea shops, and English training classes are everywhere.
According to data from 2024, the number of Mongolian students learning English is twice that of those learning Russian.
The changes in political concepts brought about by this cultural influence are more worthy of vigilance.
Young people are increasingly disappointed with their own political elites, and instead feel that the Western "democratic system" is better. According to data from Transparency International in 2023, Mongolia's integrity score is 33 points, ranking 116th among 180 countries, and the corruption problem is quite serious.
This disappointment was just taken advantage of by the United States.
When Blinken was asked by reporters in Ulaanbaatar about containing China, he answered slyly: "Our focus is on the vision of regional cooperation, which has nothing to do with China." It is obviously aimed at China and Russia, and it is said so high-soundingly.
In the final analysis, what the United States is doing is "boiling a frog in warm water".
It is not about pulling Mongolia away all at once, but slowly changing its ideas. Economic interests can still be discussed, but once cultural identity changes, it will be difficult to reverse it.
Mongolia wants to "have its feet on two boats": but will the boat capsize?
Faced with the wooing of three major powers, the Mongolian government is very shrewd: do not offend anyone and get benefits from all parties.
This is the legendary "sitting on the fence".
But from China's perspective, this approach is not small.
The new Prime Minister Zandanshatar is an old hand. Born in 1970, he has served as foreign minister and speaker of the parliament and knows a lot about diplomacy. After he came to power, he immediately showed goodwill to China and said that he wanted to deepen Sino-Mongolian relations.
But he turned around and said that the "third neighbor" policy would not change and that he would continue to cooperate with the West.
This approach of pleasing both sides may be useful in the short term, but it is dangerous in the long run. Why? Public opinion is changing.
Polls show that 60% of young Mongolians believe that they should "learn more from the West", and only 30% support "continuing to maintain good relations with China and Russia". Once this generational difference is transformed into political power, the consequences are serious.
The most telling example is the "Power of Siberia II" natural gas pipeline.
This large pipeline, which transmits 50 billion cubic meters of gas per year, was originally the highlight of China-Russia energy cooperation, and Mongolia could make a lot of money by transiting. But the negotiations dragged on for several years, and Mongolia's attitude became increasingly vague.
Why is this so? In the final analysis, they still want more bargaining chips. The Mongolian government thought: Since China and Russia need me so much, I will ask for more benefits. But the problem is that China and Russia's patience is limited.
In April 2025, Chinese Ambassador to Russia Zhang Hanhui said something meaningful: "The pipeline will be built, the key is which route to take."
He clearly mentioned two options: transiting Mongolia or entering China directly from the Altai region.
This is equivalent to a warning to Mongolia: Don't think we can't do without you. China and Russia can completely take a detour. Although the cost is higher, it avoids being "choked" by a third party.
Mongolia's current dilemma is obvious: it cannot do without China and Russia economically, it yearns for the West culturally, and wants to strike a balance politically. But in the game between big countries, if a small country wants to "step on two boats", it depends on whether the boat is stable.
How China and Russia respond: Be patient but not without bottom line
For Mongolia's speculative mentality, China and Russia's strategy is very clear: pull if you can, push if you should.
From China's perspective, the policy towards Mongolia has always been relatively tolerant.
After all, the two countries have deep historical and cultural roots. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolians also established a dynasty in China, and the national sentiment is there. Economic cooperation continues to strengthen, and the trade volume between China and Mongolia will reach a new high in 2024.
China has set up a RMB clearing bank in Mongolia to promote the de-dollarization of trade. Infrastructure construction is also progressing steadily, and railway, highway and power projects are being carried out.
In terms of cultural exchanges, China is also making efforts.
With 5 Confucius Institutes and multiple Confucius Classrooms, the number of people learning Chinese is increasing. Although the influence among young people needs to be improved, the profound heritage of Chinese culture and the development achievements of modern China are still attractive to the Mongolian people.
Russia's approach is more direct.
In September 2024, Putin visited Mongolia, reaffirmed traditional friendship, and signed a bunch of energy and military agreements. The relationship between Russia and Mongolia has a 70-year historical foundation, and the political, economic, and cultural ties established during the Soviet period still have an impact.
More importantly, Russia controls Mongolia's energy supply, and winter heating and industrial production cannot be separated from Russian oil and gas.
This is equivalent to strangling Mongolia's "neck". You can swing politically, but once the energy supply is cut off, you will be honest immediately. This is the cruelty of real politics.
But China and Russia are obviously also making the worst plan. The multi-route design of the "Power of Siberia 2" pipeline is a signal. If Mongolia really "turns against the water", China and Russia can completely take a detour.
Behind this "two-handed preparation" strategy is a deep concern about the political direction of Mongolia. Once Mongolia really "changes color", it will be a heavy blow to the geopolitical security of China and Russia.
From China's perspective, this not only means the loss of an important resource supply base, but also the possibility of American forces directly infiltrating into China's northern hinterland.
In particular, traditional economic ties are no longer enough in the information age.
The values of young people are more susceptible to external influences, and China and Russia must work harder in this regard.
But this takes time, and time may not be on our side.
A new generation of political elites in Mongolia is growing up, and their values will largely determine the future direction of the country.
Professor Gubin's concerns are based on this understanding.
He saw the power of American cultural penetration and foresaw Mongolia's possible political shift.
The time window is shrinking. From China's perspective, we must act quickly, with both strategic patience and bottom-line thinking.
After all, in the cruel reality of great power games, today's "friends" may be tomorrow's "opponents."
Mongolia's choice is not only related to its own destiny, but also likely to reshape the geopolitical landscape of the entire Northeast Asia.
Gubin's warning is worth our deep consideration.
Every move of this small country may trigger a chain reaction on the chessboard of the game between major powers. China must be prepared.
About the Creator    HuaxunNews

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France, Mongolia Expand Civil Security and Emergency Response Cooperation www.thediplomat.com

Beyond political and cultural relations, Ulaanbaatar and Paris have built up robust cooperation in civil security and disaster relief.
This year marks the 60th anniversary of Mongolia and France’s establishment of diplomatic ties. In the last six decades, the expansion of this bilateral partnership has engulfed tangible and assessable cooperation mechanisms. Beyond political and cultural relations, Ulaanbaatar and Paris have build a robust cooperation mechanism in civil security and disaster relief management.  
In June, the French Academy of Medical Sciences Foundation, France’s General Directorate for Civil Security and Crisis Management, and Mongolia’s National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) co-organized a two-day training as part of the France-Mongolia 60th anniversary. The joint training focused on rapid response to disaster relief included airlifting with NEMA’s Air Rescue Unit 111 – Mongolia’s first joint air ambulance training. The training encompassed over 100 medical and emergency response professionals from Mongolia.
While such civil security cooperation projects began in 2010, the French government began to initiative emergency response trainings in Mongolia during the 1990s, while also providing assistance to hospitals in rural areas. 
In 2010, the Disaster Management Agency of France and Mongolia’s NEMA signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) which financed the partnership through a soft loan and private-public partnership, laying the foundation for joint efforts in disaster risk management. The agreement also included a capacity building element, under which France would provide 12 helicopters, 12 mechanics, and French professionals to provide training for emergency response medical teams. 
In 2019, the governments of Mongolia and France signed a 30-year soft loans for 57.9 million euros, which secured the delivery of three helicopters, 42 specialized fire trucks, and the establishment of an aerial search and rescue unit in Mongolia. 
The emergency response cooperation between Mongolia and France continued without interruption despite the COVID-19 pandemic and a change in personnel. The 2019 deal was signed during the tenure of Philippe Merlin as France’s ambassador to Mongolia. Sebastien Surun, Merlin’s successor, received the emergency response vehicles and helicopters in 2022. That same year, the first evacuation rescue mission was completed with one of the new helicopters. 
Identifying the successful cooperation and the implementation of the agreement, Ambassador of Mongolia to France Nyamkhuu Ulambayar told The Diplomat, “Between 2020 and 2023, this aerial search and rescue unit responded to 157 emergency calls and rescued over 200 individuals. A second phase launched in 2024 focuses on advanced training and additional equipment to further build operational independence.”
“Our cooperation with Mongolia’s National Emergency Management Agency is ground-breaking,” Surun, who is now France’s deputy ambassador in Ukraine, highlighted in an interview with Bolor Lkhaajav. In the same interview, he announced that “this year, we will have a civil security officer based in Ulaanbaatar. We want to take our cooperation in emergency management to the next level.”
Mongolia’s NEMA has been working toward further strengthening and expanding cooperation mechanisms with France’s General Directorate for Civil Security and Crisis Management.
In 2023, during President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa’s state visit to France, a financial agreement was signed to continue financing France-Mongolia emergency response programs, and the two sides agreed that France would provide additional training for the Air Search and Rescue Unit. 
Following the agreement, in 2024, the head of NEMA, director of Fire Fighting Department, and directors of the Air Search and Rescue Unit all visited France and signed technical agreements that aimed to contract French companies to deliver the firefighting vehicles and technical equipment that will ensure rescue operations are completed properly. One of the highlights of this meeting was a deal on constructing a new helicopter base. 
According to NEMA, the emergency and disaster relief sector has received robust support from a wide range of global partners, including Russia, China, South Korea, Japan, the United States, France, Hungary, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. 
On a multilateral level, Mongolia seeks a deeper cooperation with international organizations such as the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. 
Mongolia’s global partnerships have helped expand these relationships, and NEMA units have participated in global disaster relief efforts. A Mongolian search and rescue K-9 unit worked in Turkiye in 2023 in the aftermath of a deadly earthquake that killed around 55,000 people.  
The advancement of Mongolia’s emergency response mechanism also correlates to the increase in international tourism to Mongolia. As more tourists immerse themselves in nomadic activities in remote locations, having a robust emergency response unit is critically important for Mongolia’s civil security sector. A spokesperson for Mongolia’s NEMA told The Diplomat that the Air Search and Rescue Unit has saved “the lives of 210 people, including 157 adults and 53 children,” since cooperation with France began. 
Looking ahead, cooperation between Mongolia and France will likely to expand – not only in mining, education, and culture, but also capacity building in civil security, particularly in emergency response.
BY
Bolor Lkhaajav
Bolor Lkhaajav is a researcher specializing in Mongolia, China, Russia, Japan, East Asia, and the Americas. She holds an M.A. in Asia-Pacific Studies from the University of San Francisco.

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Mongolia's president calls Kyrgyzstan important partner in Central Asia www.xinhuanet.com

Kyrgyzstan is an "important partner in Central Asia" for Mongolia, Mongolian President Ukhnaa Khurelsukh said Monday during a state visit to Bishkek, local media reported.
"We strive to develop mutually beneficial cooperation in all areas, especially in the trade and economic sphere," Khurelsukh told Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov during their meeting.
Japarov noted that "comprehensive cooperation with Mongolia is one of the priority areas of the development of Kyrgyzstan's foreign policy."
The two leaders discussed expanding cooperation in trade, transport, agriculture, digitalization, tourism and cultural exchanges.
Following the talks, the two sides signed a Joint Declaration establishing a comprehensive partnership between their countries, along with several documents to deepen Kyrgyz-Mongolian ties.

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Kyrgyz-Mongolian strategic dialogue strengthened by 13 new multisectoral accords www.qazinform.com

A wide-ranging package of bilateral documents was signed today following high-level talks between President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov and President of Mongolia Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh, Trend reports via the press service of the Kyrgyz president.
The centerpiece of the agreements was the signing of a Joint Declaration on the establishment of a comprehensive partnership between the two countries, reflecting a shared intent to elevate cooperation across multiple sectors.
The sides formalized arrangements in key areas including legal cooperation, agriculture, digital development, science, culture, and education. Among the notable accords were an Extradition Treaty, an agreement on mutual recognition of national driving licenses, and a cooperation program between the foreign ministries for the years 2026–2027.
Sectoral cooperation will also expand through memoranda on wool processing, digital innovation, cultural exchange, strategic studies, and joint academic research. Agreements were also reached between the national academies of science and broadcasting corporations of both countries.
The scope of signed documents reflects the growing momentum in Kyrgyz-Mongolian relations, as both sides seek to institutionalize deeper collaboration built on historical and cultural affinity.
As reported previously, Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev today signed into a law the Treaty on deepening and expanding allied relations between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, signed on April 19, 2024, in Astana.

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Maven Wireless expands sales to Mongolia – secures order in the mining industry www.mavenwireless.com

Maven Wireless has received an order for a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) for public safety through a new local partner in Mongolia. The order is valued at approximately SEK 1 million and marks the company’s entry into a new geographical market.
The system will be installed in a copper mine owned by one of the largest mining companies in the world. The solution will provide robust and reliable wireless communication in demanding underground environments – a critical component of the mine’s safety infrastructure.
“I’m very pleased with our continued expansion in the mining industry. This particular deal is especially exciting as it involves a brand-new geographic market for us, a new local partner, and a new end customer who represents one of the largest mining companies globally,” says Fredrik Ekström, CEO of Maven Wireless.

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President of Mongolia Arrives in the Kyrgyz Republic for a State Visit www.montsame.mn

The President of Mongolia, Khurelsukh Ukhnaa, arrived in the city of Bishkek for a State Visit to the Kyrgyz Republic on July 20, 2025.
President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa and accompanying delegates were welcomed by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Sadyr Japarov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Mongolia to the Kyrgyz Republic, Gankhuyag Sodnom, and Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kyrgyz Republic to Mongolia Aibek Artykbaev at the Manas International Airport, Bishkek.
Kyrgyz artists presented a cultural entertainment performance to the Mongolian representatives at the Manas International Airport.
The significance of the State Visit lies in Mongolia further developing traditional friendly relations, enriching economic cooperation, and strengthening bilateral friendship with Central Asian countries, particularly the Kyrgyz Republic.
The two sides plan to sign intergovernmental and interagency documents as a crucial contribution to strengthening bilateral legal foundations.
A total of 28 embassies, 50 consular and representative offices from foreign countries are currently operating in Bishkek.
Past Presidential State Visits from Mongolia to the Kyrgyz Republic include Bagabandi Natsag in 1999, Enkhbayar Nambar in 2007, Elbegdorj Tsakhia in 2012, and Battulga Khaltmaa in 2019. Meanwhile, past Presidential State Visits from the Kyrgyz Republic to Mongolia include Askar Akaev in 2002 and Sadyr Japarov in 2023.

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Mongolian Road Network Reaches 112,000 Kilometers www.montsame.mn

Mongolia is celebrating the 100th anniversary of the establishment of its road transport sector, a milestone recognized alongside the nation’s broader historic commemorations of the 2234th anniversary of Mongolian Statehood, the 819th anniversary of the Great Mongol Empire, the 114th anniversary of the Restoration of the National Freedom and Independence, the 104th anniversary of the People’s Revolution, and the 35th anniversary of the Democratic Revolution.
President of Mongolia Khurelsukh Ukhnaa conveyed an official congratulatory message to delegates and transport sector employees attending the anniversary ceremony. The message delivered by the Chief of Staff of the Office of the President of Mongolia, Uilstuguldur Altankhuyag, paid tribute to generations of road transport workers whose efforts have supported national defense, energy, construction, industry, communications, agriculture, postal service, freight, and passenger mobility across Mongolia’s vast territory. The President recalled that on July 15, 1925, the founding of the “Mongol Transport Office” with just seven motor vehicles marked the beginning of the nation’s motorized transport era, building on a decision made by the First State Great Khural in 1924 to place transport and forwarding activities under state administration.
Opening the sector’s centennial conference, Prime Minister of Mongolia Zandanshatar Gombojav praised the transition from pack-animal caravans and relay post transport to modern motorized mobility in just a century. He noted that historical records show that Mongolians were already engaged in early cross-border freight operations in the early 1900s through the Khuree Khaalga Transport Firm, underscoring deep roots in overland trade. The Prime Minister emphasized that Mongolia’s development journey is inseparable from the road transport sector. Productivity movements among professional drivers in the 1950s and 1960s, remembered as “hundred‑thousand,” “million,” and similar achievement campaigns, helped drive national industrialization, agricultural expansion, and regional integration.
Sector Growth by the Numbers
Freight hauled by road transport expanded from about 400,000 tons in 1925 to 85.2 million tons in 2024, a more than 200‑fold increase.
Road carriers accounted for approximately 65 percent of national freight, including 88 percent of export transport, last year.
Passenger service grew from roughly 800,000 passengers in 1935 to 145.1 million in 2024, an increase of more than 180 times.
Mongolia’s participation in international road transport rose from 1 percent in 2015 to 46 percent in 2025; service coverage expanded from 7 countries to 23 over the same period.
The country’s road network now totals 112,000 kilometers, of which about 15,000 kilometers are international and national-grade roads.
In honor of the centennial, President Khurelsukh awarded the state-owned enterprise “National Road Transport Center of Mongolia”  the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Valor of Mongolia, recognizing its role in organizing equitable and accessible transport services; maintaining vehicle registration and data systems; monitoring technical and environmental standards; and ensuring reliable mobility for the population.
Extending his congratulations, President Khurelsukh wished good health and continued success to all current and former road transport professionals, expressing confidence that the “golden road” of Mongolian progress will remain auspicious under the eternal blue sky.

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Ancient tomb unearthed in Selenge Province www.ubpost.mn

An exceptionally significant archaeological discovery has been made in Erdene soum of Selenge Province, where a well-preserved, undisturbed aristocratic tomb dating back to the Xiongnu period—around 1800 years ago—has been uncovered. This discovery is hailed as one of the most important and large-scale Xiongnu-era finds ever discovered in Mongolia, offering invaluable insights into the ancient civilization.
The tomb, which has remained untouched for nearly two millennia, is being carefully excavated by a team of archaeologists and experts. They are conducting detailed studies to better understand the burial practices, material culture, and social structures of the Xiongnu elite, providing new evidence of this ancient nomadic empire that once spanned vast regions of Asia.
According to researchers, this find is not only significant for its scale but also for its potential to shed light on the political and cultural dynamics of the Xiongnu Empire. The Xiongnu, a confederation of nomadic tribes, are considered a precursor to the Mongol Empire and played a central role in the history of Central Asia, particularly during the early centuries of the Common Era.
In addition to the tomb itself, the ongoing excavation of other related burial mounds in the Orkhon-Selenge basin suggests the possibility of a more extensive Xiongnu empire in the region. Scholars have noted that these findings provide crucial evidence that the empire might have once had a more structured political presence in this part of Mongolia, potentially reshaping our understanding of early nomadic governance.

 

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New Transport and Logistics Route to Be Established www.montsame.mn

During the official visit to Mongolia paid by Gordan Grlić-Radman, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, the following bilateral documents were signed on June 17, 2025:
The Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Government of the Republic of Croatia on International Road Transport of Goods and Passengers, which holds significant importance in developing bilateral cooperation in the road transport sector, creating new transport and logistics routes, facilitating relations between citizens and businesses, and establishing a legal framework for expanding mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation;
The Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia and the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia, which aims to enhance cooperation at the international and regional levels, promote initiatives proposed by both countries, and provide mutual support;
The Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Forestry Sector between the Forest Agency of Mongolia and the Croatian Forests Company, which seeks to establish sustainable, long-term cooperation in the forestry sector and develop sustainable forest management practices. Within this framework, the two sides will exchange expertise in afforestation, reforestation, and forest restoration to combat desertification and land degradation.
The Memorandum of Understanding between the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Croatian Chamber of Economy, which aims to activate inter-chamber relations, support proposals and initiatives from entrepreneurs and wealth creators, create favorable conditions for cooperation between enterprises, and stimulate dialogue.

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