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Five Things To Know About Mongolia www.afp.com
Pope Francis is set to visit Mongolia and tour the Buddhist-majority nation's capital at the government's invitation this week, becoming the first pontiff to set foot there.
Here are five things to know about Mongolia:
Landlocked Mongolia is sandwiched between Russia and China, with which it has close economic ties.
Unlike its massive neighbours, Mongolia is democratically governed, with the US-based advocacy group Freedom House describing the country's political system as "free", albeit saddled with widespread corruption.
Mongolia's head of state is President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh, a former prime minister and member of the ruling party elected to his current office in 2021.
Despite their differences, Ulaanbaatar has been careful not to upset the regional powers.
Eighty-six percent of Mongolia's total exports go to China, half of which is coal.
And Mongolia is among a handful of countries that have not explicitly condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Traditionally dependent on agriculture, the country has experienced rapid economic growth on the back of a mining boom.
Profits from coal made up a quarter of Mongolia's gross domestic product in 2022.
Mongolia is also a major exporter of copper and iron ore.
Its capital Ulaanbaatar's population has quadrupled since the 1990s, with skyscrapers sprouting up across the sprawling city.
But poverty reduction in the middle-income country has stalled in recent years and economic inequality remains high.
And the women's employment rate has dropped from 72 percent in 1992 to 53 percent, largely due to a lack of childcare options.
The once-Communist nation enshrined its first democratic constitution in 1992, when it emerged from the Soviet orbit after a popular revolution two years earlier.
It is still heavily reliant on Russian fuel, and nostalgia for Soviet times remains strong in some quarters.
But the country has sought to distance itself from its recent past, tearing down statues of Stalin and Lenin and instead turning to celebrations of Genghis Khan, who led history's largest contiguous land empire in the 13th century.
Mongolia's government adopted the Cyrillic alphabet eight decades ago when it was ruled by the Soviet-dominated regime, but now it is also backing the revival of the traditional Hudum script following a surge of interest in the nation's cultural heritage.
The country's landscape is dominated by high-altitude grasslands and populated by just over three million residents spread across an area three times the size of France.
Its people have historically been nomadic, with one-third of the population still living in communities characterised by portable yurt dwellings.
Mongolia's steppes are home to the rare Przewalski's horse, an ancient equine subspecies brought back in recent years from the brink of extinction through breeding programmes at zoos worldwide.
Mongolia has one of the world's smallest Catholic communities, estimated at just 1,500 people.
Buddhism has returned to prominence after it was suppressed under Communist rule, with over half of the population now identifying as Buddhist, according to official figures.
Deep-rooted shamanist practices are also influential in the country, with traditional rituals featuring in major festivals.
Published Date:2023-08-30
