Of the population residing within the territory of Mongolia, 99% are citizens of Mongolia and 1% are foreign nationals.

The National Statistics Office of Mongolia (NSO) reported that 18 people are stateless, without citizenship of any country.

According to the 2025 census, the number of foreign nationals residing in Mongolia for six months or longer stood at 35,446, up 58.1% from 2020. Between 2020 and 2025, the composition of foreign nationals living in Mongolia shifted as the share of Chinese citizens rose from 41.7% to 60.1%, correspondingly reducing the share of nationals from other countries. For example, citizens of Russia, South Korea, and the United States each accounted for around 10% in the 2020 census, but their shares fell this time to between 3.2% and 8.5%.

While most foreign nationals living in Mongolia are concentrated in the capital, that share has declined compared with the previous census (from 77.9% to 64%), even as the number of foreign nationals has risen in some provinces. Specifically, the growing numbers of foreign nationals living in Dornogobi (from 1% to 10.9%), Tuv (from 0.6% to 5%), and Umnugobi (from 5.6% to 7.3%) provinces are linked to rising local economic activity, particularly in connection with mining, infrastructure, and industrial zones. By contrast, foreign nationals are settling in smaller numbers in Uvs, Uvurkhangai, Gobi-Altai, Arkhangai, Bayankhongor, and Bulgan aimags, which have smaller populations and lower economic activity.

According to the 2025 Interim Population and Housing Census, the citizen population of Mongolia stood at 3,589,826. Ethnic Khalkhs make up 83.4% of the country's resident population, down 0.4 percentage points from the previous census, while the share of ethnic Kazakhs remained unchanged at 3.8%.

Published Date:2026-09-09