1 PRIME MINISTER OYUN-ERDENE VISITS EGIIN GOL HYDROPOWER PLANT PROJECT SITE WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/04/30      2 ‘I FELT CAUGHT BETWEEN CULTURES’: MONGOLIAN MUSICIAN ENJI ON HER BEGUILING, BORDER-CROSSING MUSIC WWW.THEGUARDIAN.COM PUBLISHED:2025/04/30      3 POWER OF SIBERIA 2: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY OR GEOPOLITICAL RISK FOR MONGOLIA? WWW.THEDIPLOMAT.COM PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      4 UNITED AIRLINES TO LAUNCH FLIGHTS TO MONGOLIA IN MAY WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      5 SIGNATURE OF OIL SALES AGREEMENT FOR BLOCK XX PRODUCTION WWW.RESEARCH-TREE.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      6 MONGOLIA ISSUES E-VISAS TO 11,575 FOREIGNERS IN Q1 WWW.XINHUANET.COM PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      7 KOREA AN IDEAL PARTNER TO HELP MONGOLIA GROW, SEOUL'S ENVOY SAYS WWW.KOREAJOONGANGDAILY.JOINS.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      8 MONGOLIA TO HOST THE 30TH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF ASIA SECURITIES FORUM WWW.MONTSAME.MN PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      9 BAGAKHANGAI-KHUSHIG VALLEY RAILWAY PROJECT LAUNCHES WWW.UBPOST.MN PUBLISHED:2025/04/29      10 THE MONGOLIAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND FDI: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITY WWW.MELVILLEDALAI.COM  PUBLISHED:2025/04/28      849 ТЭРБУМЫН ӨРТӨГТЭЙ "ГАШУУНСУХАЙТ-ГАНЦМОД" БООМТЫН ТЭЗҮ-Д ТУРШЛАГАГҮЙ, МОНГОЛ 2 КОМПАНИ ҮНИЙН САНАЛ ИРҮҮЛЭВ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/30     ХУУЛЬ БУСААР АШИГЛАЖ БАЙСАН "БОГД УУЛ" СУВИЛЛЫГ НИЙСЛЭЛ ӨМЧЛӨЛДӨӨ БУЦААВ WWW.NEWS.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/30     МЕТРО БАРИХ ТӨСЛИЙГ ГҮЙЦЭТГЭХЭЭР САНАЛАА ӨГСӨН МОНГОЛЫН ГУРВАН КОМПАНИ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/30     "UPC RENEWABLES" КОМПАНИТАЙ ХАМТРАН 2400 МВТ-ЫН ХҮЧИН ЧАДАЛТАЙ САЛХИН ЦАХИЛГААН СТАНЦ БАРИХААР БОЛОВ WWW.EAGLE.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/30     ОРОСЫН МОНГОЛ УЛС ДАХЬ ТОМООХОН ТӨСЛҮҮД ДЭЭР “ГАР БАРИХ” СОНИРХОЛ БА АМБИЦ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/30     МОНГОЛ, АНУ-ЫН ХООРОНД ТАВДУГААР САРЫН 1-НЭЭС НИСЛЭГ ҮЙЛДЭНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/29     ЕРӨНХИЙ САЙД Л.ОЮУН-ЭРДЭНЭ ЭГИЙН ГОЛЫН УЦС-ЫН ТӨСЛИЙН ТАЛБАЙД АЖИЛЛАЖ БАЙНА WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/29     Ц.ТОД-ЭРДЭНЭ: БИЧИГТ БООМТЫН ЕРӨНХИЙ ТӨЛӨВЛӨГӨӨ БАТЛАГДВАЛ БУСАД БҮТЭЭН БАЙГУУЛАЛТЫН АЖЛУУД ЭХЛЭХ БОЛОМЖ БҮРДЭНЭ WWW.MONTSAME.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/29     MCS-ИЙН ХОЁР ДАХЬ “УХАА ХУДАГ”: БНХАУ, АВСТРАЛИТАЙ ХАМТРАН ЭЗЭМШДЭГ БАРУУН НАРАНГИЙН ХАЙГУУЛЫГ УЛСЫН ТӨСВӨӨР ХИЙЖЭЭ WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/29     АМ.ДОЛЛАРЫН ХАНШ ТОГТВОРЖИЖ 3595 ТӨГРӨГ БАЙНА WWW.EGUUR.MN НИЙТЭЛСЭН:2025/04/29    

Events

Name organizer Where
MBCC “Doing Business with Mongolia seminar and Christmas Receptiom” Dec 10. 2024 London UK MBCCI London UK Goodman LLC

NEWS

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Mongolia, UK Celebrate 60th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations www.thediplomat.com

This year marks the 60th anniversary of Mongolia and the United Kingdom’s establishment of diplomatic relations. In commemoration of this special occasion, the two governments are celebrating decades of shared principles, strengthening bilateral relations, and strong people-to-people ties.
On January 23, 1963, the United Kingdom became the first Western nation to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia. During a ceremony commemorating the Mongolia-U.K. diplomatic anniversary, a former Mongolian ambassador to the U.K., Altangerel Bulgaa, highlighted London’s key role in opening diplomatic doors for Mongolia.
“The significance of Mongolia and the United Kingdom is that exchanging a diplomatic representative at an ambassadorial level with Western countries opened the door for trade and economic activities for Mongolia,” Altangerel said. “Equally important, France and other Western nations followed suit after Mongolia and the UK established diplomatic relations in 1963.”
Historical ties between Mongols and the British date all the way back to medieval times. The earliest recorded communiqué between the Mongols and the English is from the late 13th century, during Arghun Khaan’s reign. In 1290, an envoy of Arghun Khaan sent a letter to Edward I of England, indicating that the Mongol forces could support the crusaders in their battle.
Moreover, archival documents indicate the cultural and linguistic ties between the Mongols and the English. In the early 20th century, the English language had dominated the Western world, both language and thought influenced the intellectual circle of Bogd Khaan, Mongolia’s leader during its short-lived stint as an independent monarchy from 1911-1924.
According to Dr. Zolboo Dashnyam, the director at the Institute of International Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia, “When the Mongols drafted the first constitution, it seems that their English language abilities were not too bad, judging from the fact that they had studied and translated the constitutions of monarchies at the time, such as Great Britain.”
The long history of Mongol-British interactions demonstrate the consistency of the Mongols’ ambition to be more involved in global affairs – a tradition that modern-day Mongolia continued.
The 1960s was one of the most challenging yet ultimately rewarding decades for Mongolia’s international relations. Mongolia’s strong ties with the Soviet Union situated Ulaanbaatar in a challenging position, especially when it comes to establishing diplomatic relations with Western nations.
Thus the United Kingdom’s recognition of Mongolia as an independent state and the establishment of diplomatic relations was a significant milestone for Ulaanbaatar’s foreign policy. Two years earlier, in 1961, Mongolia had become a permanent member of the United Nations. As one of the permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, London’s vote was crucial to Mongolia in that effort.
Since 1963, bilateral relations between Mongolia and the United Kingdom have developed into a variety of sectors such as education, defense, mining, and recently, green initiatives.
The British education system has been adopted in Mongolia for some time. In Ulaanbaatar, the British School of Ulaanbaatar teaches students using the National Curriculum of England and Wales. Students graduate with fluent British English, and many seek to study abroad in the United Kingdom.
Moreover, the Chevening scholarship, funded by the U.K.’s foreign ministry, has directly benefited more than 200 Mongolian graduate students studying in British universities.
As Enkhjin Seded, a 2022 Chevening scholar, put it, “Studying at one of the prestigious universities in the U.K. seemed like a dream before receiving the Chevening scholarship. The Warwick Business School has been an eye-opening experience for me as I learn from professors with worldwide knowledge and experience. With Chevening, a new chapter of my life has begun.”
While educational cooperation has been successful, foreign trade, investment, and economic activities between Mongolia and the U.K. have been falling short due to many issues.
Trade and investment between the U.K. and Mongolia decreased by 52.8 percent from September 2021 to the same month in 2022. The COVID-19 pandemic certainly contributed to this sudden drop.
From Mongolia’s perspective, the unbalanced nature of trade is an issue. As of 2020, the U.K. was Mongolia’s fourth-largest export destination – but only accounted for 1.1 percent of Mongolian exports, worth just $84 million. Mongolia fared even worse in the United Kingdom’s trade books. It is the U.K.’s 133rd largest trading partner, “accounting for less than 0.1% of total UK trade,” according to U.K. government data.
The U.K.’s February 2023 Trade and Investment Report indicated that in the year leading up to the end of September, 2022, the U.K. exported nearly twice as many goods to Mongolia (at a value of 104 million pounds) as it imported from Mongolia (54 million pounds). There is a need for Mongolia to boost its exports to the United Kingdom to address the yawning trade deficit.
The Oyu Tolgoi operation run by Anglo-Australian mining conglomerate Rio Tinto is the United Kingdom’s largest contributor to Mongolia’s national economy. However, British investors and businesses remain uncertain about Mongolia’s business environment, particularly dispute resolution, corruption, and regulatory issues.
As British Ambassador to Mongolia Philip Malone told The Diplomat, “Legal certainty and the fair resolution of disputes in line with the law are high on the list of concerns for investors. The U.K. and Mongolia have a bilateral investment promotion and protection agreement which can provide a mechanism to support dispute resolution.”
But, he added, “It is a very challenging area and one the Mongolian authorities must address to realize the full foreign investor potential of Mongolia, particularly through ensuring a fully independent judiciary that is not subject to outside interference.”
In 2020, in an effort to accelerate Mongolia-U.K. trade, Member of Parliament Daniel Kawczynski was appointed as the British trade envoy to Mongolia. During the 2022 U.K.-Mongolia Business Forum, Kawczynski stated that the British government was issuing $3 billion in soft loans to U.K. companies to invest in Mongolia.
Beyond the economic sphere, on the occasion of the Mongolia-U.K. diplomatic anniversary, the two governments are upgrading their defense cooperation agreement, which has significance in augmenting Mongolia’s peacekeeping operations.
Malone, the ambassador, told The Diplomat that “our intention to renew the defense cooperation agreement with Mongolia” serves “to underline our commitment as a third neighbor. We have had a defense cooperation agreement with Mongolia for around ten years.
“A particular focus will be on supporting Mongolia’s peacekeeping deployments through training and capacity building and the U.K.’s participation in the annual Khaan Quest peacekeeping exercise.”
From Mongolia’s foreign policy perspective, peacekeeping operations and the successful implementation of the annual Khaan Quest exercise are major mechanisms to strengthen defense relations between Mongolia and its partners around the world.
Also, with the assistance of the British government, this year for the first time Mongolian personnel studied at the British Imperial Defense College.
The U.K. certainly holds a special place in Mongolia, not only as a third neighbor, but also for being the first Western nation to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia. In the next 60 years, Mongolia and the U.K. are aiming to strengthen trade, investment, and education while expanding to newer sectors such as green initiatives.
GUEST AUTHOR
Bolor Lkhaajav
Bolor Lkhaajav is a researcher specializing in Mongolia, China, Russia, Japan, East Asia, and the Americas. She holds an M.A. in Asia-Pacific Studies from the University of San Francisco.
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Steppe Gold building Mongolia's premier precious metals group and progressing ATO mine expansion plans www.proactiveinvestors.com

Steppe Gold Ltd (TSX:STGO, OTCQX:STPGF) has announced plans for a dual primary listing of its common shares on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (HKEx), the premier listing venue for Asia-based companies.
The Mongolia-focused gold miner, which is currently listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, said the Hong Kong listing is anticipated to occur later in 2023.
In a statement, Bataa Tumur-Ochir, president and CEO of Steppe Gold, commented: "With approximately 40% of Steppe Gold's shareholders now based in Asian time zones, the company has decided to pursue a dual primary listing on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2023.”
The company said the Hong Kong listing will assist with historical liquidity and valuation issues and will also serve as a better venue for trading for its Asian-based shareholders, as Hong Kong and Mongolia are in the same time zone.
“With listings on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and HKEx, Steppe Gold will have a wider reach, offering greater accessibility and exposure to a broader pool of investors from both Asia and North America,” said Tumur-Ochir.
“As one of only a few companies in the mining and precious metals sector listed on the HKEx upon successful listing, Steppe Gold will be further differentiated, with increased visibility, making it an attractive opportunity for investors seeking investment opportunities in this sector," he added.
Contact the author at jon.hopkins@proactiveinvestors.com
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Mine collapse in China kills five, 48 miners still missing www.reuters.com

BEIJING, Feb 23 (Reuters) - At least five people were killed and 48 others were still missing a day after the collapse of a coal mine in China's northern region of Inner Mongolia, state media reported on Thursday.
The open-pit mine operated by small local firm Xinjing Coal Mining Co collapsed in a landslide, leaving dozens of workers buried under a huge pile of debris half a kilometre (550 yards) wide and an estimated 80 m high, according to state broadcaster CCTV.
Dramatic security camera footage aired on CCTV on Thursday showed an avalanche of rock and soil falling from one side of the mountain into the mine pit, burying a number of excavators and dump trucks.
Three hundred rescue workers were at the site using heavy machinery and rescue dogs to aid in their search for the trapped miners, state media said.
The National Health Commission said on Wednesday evening that six injured people had been rescued from the mine.
"I had just started work at 1:15 in the afternoon when I realised that rocks were falling from the mountain," a hospitalised miner told CCTV on Thursday.
"I saw that the situation was getting more and more serious, and an evacuation was organised, but it was too late, the mountain just collapsed."
Coal is a major source of energy in China but its mines are among the world's deadliest, largely due to lax enforcement of safety standards, despite repeated government orders for improvements in safety over the years.
President Xi Jinping on Wednesday ordered search and rescue efforts, state media reported, although a second landslide in the evening hampered the work to find survivors.
"We must make every possible effort to rescue the missing persons and treat the injured," Xi said.
Premier Li Keqiang also demanded a quick investigation into the cause of the collapse.
Local governments in several regions, including Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Shaanxi, have ordered coal miners, especially open-pit mines, to immediately conduct safety checks and local authorities to carry out inspections following the collapse.
China's mines have been trying to boost output over the past year under a government call for greater supplies and stable prices. The government is estimated to have approved 260 million tonnes of new coal mining capacity in 2022. Inner Mongolia is the country's top coal-producing region.
The mine near the town of Alxa League was previously an underground mine. It was converted into an open-pit operation in 2012, according to state media. It had suspended production for three years before restarting in April 2021, state media added, though it did not provide further information regarding the cause of the closure.
Reporting by Andrew Hayley, Chen Aizhu, Bernard Orr and the Beijing newsroom; Editing by Jason Neely, Shounak Dasgupta, Tom Hogue and Raissa Kasolowsky
 
 
 
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Mongolian Rescue Team Returns Home www.montsame.mn

On February 18, the Mongolian rescue team returned home after a week of search and rescue operations in Turkey, which was hit by massive earthquakes last week.
The team successfully rescued eight people /three children/ and found 19 bodies buried under rubble. The search and rescue dogs Balu and Malta have successfully aided operations in detecting people.
Colonel J. Sukh-Ochir and his army medic team of 11 military doctors gave first aid and saved 72 children and 649 adults. (359 males, 218 females)
Moreover, humanitarian aid was also successfully delivered from the people of Mongolia to Turkey.
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GDP of Mongolia Increased by 4.8 Percent www.montsame.mn

In 2022, by preliminary estimation of production approach, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices was MNT 52.9 trillion, which is increased by MNT 9.3 trillion (21.4%) compared to the previous year. GDP at 2015 constant prices was MNT 28.4 trillion, which is increased by MNT 1.3 trillion (4.8%) compared to the previous year.
According to the National Statistics Office of Mongolia, GDP at 2015 constant prices decreased by 4.6% in 2020 but increased by 1.6%, 4.8 in 2021, and 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, seasonally adjusted GDP at 2015 constant prices increased by 3.2% compared to the previous quarter.
To 4.8% increase in GDP at 2015 constant prices in 2022,
agriculture sector contributed 1.7 percentage points,
mining and quarrying sector contributed -1.6 percentage points,
industry and construction sectors contributed 0.8 percentage points,
service sector contributed 2.6 percentage points and
net taxes on products contributed 1.4 percentage points.
The value added of mining and quarrying sector at 2015 constant prices was MNT 3.3 trillion, which is decreased by MNT 440.0 billion (11.9%) compared to the previous year. This decrease was mainly due to 26.9% decrease in extraction of iron ore, concentrate and 45.0% decrease in extraction of crude oil compared to the previous year.
The value added of the industry and construction sector at 2015 constant prices was MNT 4.0 trillion, which is increased by MNT 228.7 billion (6.1%) compared to the previous year.
This increase was mainly due to 7.9% increase in value added of construction sector and 6.3% increase in value added of manufacturing sector compared to the previous year.
The value added of the service sector at 2015 constant prices in 2022 was MNT 13.3 trillion, increased by MNT 699.8 billion (5.5%) compared to previous year. This increase was mainly due to 8.0% increase in value added of wholesale and retail trade, and 6.9% increase in value added of communication and information sector, compared to the previous year.
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The President of Mongolia, U. Khurelsukh, had a telephone conversation with the President of Ukraine, V. O. Zelensky (translation) www.president.mn

The President of Mongolia, U. Khurelsukh, had a telephone conversation with the President of Ukraine, V. O. Zelensky, on February 21, 2023, at his request.
The President of Ukraine V. O. Zelensky congratulated the people of Mongolia on the Lunar New Year, thanked Mongolia for its humanitarian aid to Ukraine in difficult times, and emphasized that he was satisfied with bilateral relations. He recalled his childhood in Mongolia.
The President of Mongolia, U. Khurelsukh, took the time to talk on the phone and expressed his gratitude to the people of Mongolia for their New Year's greetings. He also expressed concern about the situation in Ukraine and emphasized that the international community should intensify diplomatic activities and solve the problem through dialogue and peace.
He also noted that Mongolia aims to develop balanced relations and cooperation with both neighboring countries and third neighboring countries, and it consistently implements a peace-oriented, open, independent and multi-pillar foreign policy.
The two sides highly valued their traditional friendly relations, exchanged views on some issues of cooperation, and affirmed their desire to continue cooperation within the framework of the United Nations and other international organizations.
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Carrefour sets up in Mongolia with its partner Altan Joloo and opens two stores, one hypermarket and one supermarket in Ulaanbaatar www.carrefour.com

Carrefour International Partnership strengthens its international presence and announces the opening on February 17th of its first two stores in Mongolia with Altan Joloo and its subsidiary Sansar, under the banner Carrefour (hypermarket) and Carrefour Market (supermarket).
Thanks to this partnership, Carrefour banners are deployed in Mongolia and allow all Sansar stores, more than 20 to date, to have access to Carrefour brand products.
Ms. Oyundari Enkhbaatar, CEO of Altan Joloo Trade LLC, said : “We are extremely proud and delighted to partner with Carrefour, one of the world's leading retailers. We plan to rebrand our 20 Sansar stores and create a minimum of 20 new Carrefour supermarkets and hypermarkets in the coming years to strengthen our position in Mongolia. Thanks to these new Carrefour stores, we will offer a large range of products at competitive prices, including
fresh products, a strong variety of Carrefour private label items and a wide selection of French wines. Our goal is to offer the best affordable products in all our stores to benefit every household and offer real value and solutions to the rising cost of living in Mongolia”.
M. Patrick Lasfargues, Executive Director of Carrefour International Partnership, said :“Thanks to this new Partner, Altan Joloo, we are very happy to keep strengthening our international presence, with the opening of the first Carrefour stores in Mongolia, in the
framework of our 2026 strategic plan to enter more than 10 new markets. These first two stores represent an important step towards our goal to meet Mongolian customers’ expectations and bring them the best of Carrefour, including high-quality products at the best prices.”
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About Altan Joloo Trade LLC
Altan Joloo Trade LLC is a subsidiary of Altan Joloo Group and has been operating the Sansar supermarket chain for the last 25 years in Mongolia (20 stores). Altan Joloo Group operates in the
fields of brewery, import, distribution, construction, and retail businesses. Altan Joloo Trade L LC has been consistently listed and consecutively ranks higher as one of the top 100 companies in Mongolia, as per the annual evaluation by the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
About the Carrefour Group
With a multi-format network of over 14,000 stores in nearly 40 countries, the Carrefour Group is one rof the world's leading food retailers. The Carrefour International Partnership entity manages all of the Carrefour Group's franchised partners around the world, active in 39 territories with 1,950 stores. The Group recorded revenue of €90.8 billion in 2022. Its network of consolidated stores has more than 350,000 employees who help to make Carrefour the world leader in the food transition for everyone, providing everybody with access to high-quality, affordable food every day, no matter where they are.
In total, more than 500,000 people work for Carrefour throughout the world. For more information, visit www.carrefour.com, or find us on Twitter (@GroupeCarrefour) and LinkedIn (Carrefour).
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Mongolia: the democracy between Russia and China www.gzeromedia.com

Nonprofit devoted to promoting democracy globally, rates Mongolia as “free,” with high marks for both political rights and civil liberties.
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj is one of the founders of Mongolia’s democracy and served as both President and Prime Minister of his nation. As he continues to advocate for freedom globally, he’s speaking out about the importance of supporting Ukraine’s struggle against Russian aggression.
At the Munich Security Conference, President Elbegdorj sat down with GZERO’s Tony Maciulis to talk about a country sandwiched between Russia and China, what Vladimir Putin is really like, and this vulnerable moment for democracy.
More about our Global Stage interviews.
 
 
 
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Senior diplomat calls for closer China-Mongolia coordination www.xinhuanet.com

MUNICH, Germany -- Wang Yi, director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, on Friday called for closer China-Mongolia coordination and cooperation on international and regional affairs.
China and Mongolia, as neighbors, should strengthen exchanges and cooperation, Wang, also a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, told Mongolian Foreign Minister Batmunkh Battsetseg during a brief meeting on the sidelines of the 59th Munich Security Conference.
Battsetseg said that she looked forward to maintaining the momentum of high-level bilateral exchanges this year and expanding mutually beneficial cooperation with China.
Wang arrived in Munich on Friday after his visits to France and Italy earlier this week and is expected to deliver a speech at the China session of this year's Munich Security Conference. He will continue his visits to Hungary and Russia after the stop in Germany.
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Odkhuu wins gold for Mongolia at Tel Aviv Judo Grand Slam www.xinhuanet.com

JERUSALEM, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- Mongolia's Tsetsentsengel Odkhuu won the gold medal on the third and final day of the international Tel Aviv Judo Grand Slam in the Israeli coastal city on Saturday.
Tsetsentsengel grabbed the men's +100kg category title after defeating Ushangi Kokauri of Azerbaijan in the final.
Zelym Kotsoiev of Azerbaijan won the men's -100kg title after defeating Dutch European champion Michael Korrel by an ippon in the final.
Beka Gviniashvili won a second gold medal for Georgia in the competition after defeating Olympic bronze medalist Krisztian Toth of Hungary in the men's -90kg category.
The gold in the women's -78kg category went to Italy's Alice Bellandi who overcame French Olympic silver medalist Madeleine Malonga, while Israel's Raz Hershko won the +78kg category thanks to a win over Kayra Sayit of Türkiye.
France topped the tournament's medal table with three gold, one silver, and one bronze, ahead of Canada, with a 2-1-2 record, Israel (2-1-1), and Georgia (2-0-1)
 
 
 
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